Media and Journalism Aspects

Aspects of Communications

• Media, Culture, and Society: Media reflects those who fund it. Media effects opinions, but media credibility and reader/viewer ability to be critical influences the effect. The two-step flow model presents how people form opinions while the media acts as a global village. Media content includes entertainment, advocacy, advertisement, news, opinion, and more. Ethical media promotes societal good by promoting solidarity, protecting privacy, and ensuring media quality. New media includes digitalization, increased interactivity, mobility in sending and receiving, network connectivity, and adaptation of publication and audience roles. Laws and education influence media.

Journalism

• Journalism is gathering, assessing, creating, and presenting news/information to the public. It requires transparency, objective truth, fact-checking, and trustworthiness. News refers to significant events/facts affecting lives, currently noteworthy and important. A journalist verifies accuracy, provides context, acts as a witness, and investigates thoroughly. Essential elements include timeliness, relevance, unusual topics, tension/trouble, and human interest. The process of verifying information before public release is called fact-checking. Trustworthiness in journalism is vital for accurate and reliable reporting and is essential for a democratic society.

Internet and New Media

• Media infrastructure is undergoing significant change with technology and shifting consumer behavior. Traditional media like TV towers, print facilities, and radio transmitters are replaced or supplemented by digital infrastructure (e.g., streaming, online). The rise of AI, 5G speeds, and content creation on platform devices (tablets, smartphones, smart TVs, VR) changed how media is consumed, produced, and distributed. Society is changing through business practices, globalization, technological innovation, and changing consumer preferences.

Personal Communications

• Social behavior refers to interpersonal, group, and organizational interactions shaping societal norms and values. Media and society are in a reflexive relationship. Effective presentations include the presenter, audience, and presentation environment. Communication transcends conversation; it encompasses appearance, body language, and more. Effective public speaking considers audience expectations, background, and objectives to connect with individuals and effectively communicate the message.

Marketing Communications

• The 4Ps (Product, Place, Price, Promotion) are key elements for businesses to control and influence customer demand and satisfaction. Service quality dimensions (tangibles, reliability, responsiveness, assurance, empathy) can evaluate service quality. Integrated Marketing Communications (IMC) includes elements for reaching target audiences in marketing. These include personal selling, public relations, direct marketing, sales promotions, advertising, publicity, and online interactive channels.

Visual Art and Design

• Art is a creative expression and aesthetic value. Artistic activity, for instance, cave paintings, are context-dependent and represent cultural expression. Iconography illustrates subjects using symbols significant to cultures. Visual culture is linked to lifestyles, identities, and values.

Video Production

• Video production is like cinema, but more affordable and fast to distribute. It includes storytelling, organization (vision and ideas), location and setting, shots and framing. The key emotions conveyed are driven by storytelling and director's vision (Mise-en-Scène, Cinematography, Editing, Sound). The production process has 5 stages: script, pre-production, production, post-production, and distribution. Fiction differs from non-fiction based on whether the event is real or imagined.

Photography

• Photography is interpreting reality, not simply copying it. The camera obscura is a box-shaped device projecting images onto a surface, enabling image capturing. Early photographic processes include the daguerreotype (copper or silver-plated copper plate) and calotype (photos on paper), while the Kodak revolution involved roll film hand-held cameras.

Human Communications

• Human communication is influencing one's mind through various procedures. Shannon and Weaver (1949) define it as influencing one mind with another through various procedures. Types of communication include intrapersonal (self-communication) and interpersonal (communication within small groups). Communication models show how messages flow between sender and receiver with feedback.

Communicating with Audio

• Hertz (Hz) is calculated as cycles per second to measure frequency. Frequency is the number of sound wave oscillations per second, usually measured in hertz. Higher frequency means higher pitch, and vice versa. Decibels (dB) measure sound wave amplitude and intensity, meaning larger amplitudes mean louder sound. Using a mixer, for instance, one controls gain (input signal's loudness) volume (output signal) and level (loudness in relation to unity gain)

Digital Games

• Digital games are nuanced as a narrative media; a game is voluntary activity, distinct in time and space, uncertain, unproductive, and governed by rules. Its components are material objects, gameplay systems, rules, and player experience.

Film Studies

• Film is a powerful emotional experience where filmmakers bring stories to life. How film creates experiences is through quick edits, scene setting, shifts in time/space, camera techniques, and editing. The director is the artist, using Mis-en-Scène (setting, lighting, costumes etc), cinematography, editing, and sound to convey meaning and vision. Film production passes through: idea initiation, script development, financing, pre-production, production, post-production, sales, and theatrical exhibition.

Digital Games

• Defining digital games. Games exhibit family resemblances by displaying components for different games. A game is voluntary activity, occurring in specific time and space, uncertain, unproductive, and governed by rules. In games, interest includes material components, game systems, rules, and the player experience.

Explore the intricate relationship between media, culture, and society in this quiz on communications. Discover the foundational principles of journalism, its ethical responsibilities, and the impact of new media. Test your understanding of how media shapes public opinion and its various roles in society.