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Questions and Answers
Which of the following substances can disrupt the cell membrane?
Which of the following substances can disrupt the cell membrane?
Standard precautions include patient placement as a method to prevent infection spread.
Standard precautions include patient placement as a method to prevent infection spread.
True
What should all blood and bodily fluids be treated as in a healthcare setting?
What should all blood and bodily fluids be treated as in a healthcare setting?
infectious
____ agents will disrupt and destroy DNA/RNA.
____ agents will disrupt and destroy DNA/RNA.
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Match the following infection control methods with their descriptions:
Match the following infection control methods with their descriptions:
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What is the primary purpose of sterilization in healthcare?
What is the primary purpose of sterilization in healthcare?
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Bacteriostatic agents kill bacteria completely.
Bacteriostatic agents kill bacteria completely.
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Name one chemical method used for controlling microbial growth.
Name one chemical method used for controlling microbial growth.
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Autoclaving is a method of __________ that uses moist heat to kill spores.
Autoclaving is a method of __________ that uses moist heat to kill spores.
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Which of the following is NOT a physical method of microbial control?
Which of the following is NOT a physical method of microbial control?
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Match the following methods of microbial control with their descriptions:
Match the following methods of microbial control with their descriptions:
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Antimicrobial agents can only kill bacteria.
Antimicrobial agents can only kill bacteria.
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What is the difference between disinfectants and antiseptics?
What is the difference between disinfectants and antiseptics?
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What is the primary purpose of pasteurization?
What is the primary purpose of pasteurization?
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Freezing food completely stops the growth of all microorganisms.
Freezing food completely stops the growth of all microorganisms.
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Name one physical method of antimicrobial control that uses heat.
Name one physical method of antimicrobial control that uses heat.
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_______ pressure uses high concentrations of solute to dehydrate microorganisms.
_______ pressure uses high concentrations of solute to dehydrate microorganisms.
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Match the following antimicrobial agents with their actions:
Match the following antimicrobial agents with their actions:
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Which temperature is typically used in the flash pasteurization method?
Which temperature is typically used in the flash pasteurization method?
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Desiccation involves the removal of water to stop all chemical reactions in a cell.
Desiccation involves the removal of water to stop all chemical reactions in a cell.
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What effect do ultra-high temperatures (UHT) have on microorganisms?
What effect do ultra-high temperatures (UHT) have on microorganisms?
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________ is a common chemical antimicrobial that denatures proteins and disrupts the cell wall.
________ is a common chemical antimicrobial that denatures proteins and disrupts the cell wall.
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What is the role of ionizing radiation in microbial control?
What is the role of ionizing radiation in microbial control?
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Study Notes
Microbiology Unit 6: Microbial Control
- AHHG2010 is the course code for Microbiology.
- Unit 6 covers Microbial Control.
- Methods of microbial control include heat sterilization, filtration, radiation.
- Heat sterilization includes dry heat (incineration), moist heat (boiling, autoclaving, pasteurization).
- Other methods include radiation (UV light, ionizing radiation).
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Terminology:
- Antimicrobial action: Any method to control microbial growth.
- Sterilization: Removal of all microorganisms from a material or object. No living organisms remain.
- Disinfection: Reducing pathogenic organisms on a surface or material, lowering disease risk.
- Antimicrobial agents: Substances that reduce or kill microbes (bacteria, fungi, viruses).
- Disinfectants: Applied to inanimate objects to disinfect.
- Antiseptics: Applied to living tissue to disinfect.
- Bactericidal: Kills bacteria, requires high concentration of antimicrobial. Example: bactericidal soap
- Bacteriostatic: Stops bacteria growth, requires low concentration. Example: bacteriostatic cleaner (Lysol).
Sterilization and Healthcare
- Sterilization is critical for medical devices touching sterile body tissues or fluids.
- Microbial contamination in these cases can cause disease transmission.
- Sterilization should be applied in pharmacy, dental hygiene, and respiratory therapy settings.
Antimicrobial Agents
- Microbial control uses physical and chemical methods.
- Choosing the method depends on the microorganism type and material being treated (e.g., skin, steel, glass, fabric, food, water).
Physical Antimicrobial Methods
- Heat: Dry heat, moist heat (boiling, autoclaving, pasteurization, ultra high temperature), cold (refrigeration, freezing, freeze drying).
- Radiation: Ionizing (X-rays, gamma rays), non-ionizing (UV light).
- Filtration: Removing microorganisms by passing a substance through a filter.
- Osmotic pressure: Using high solute concentrations to dehydrate cells, halting growth.
Chemical Antimicrobials
- Chemical sterilization relies on various agents.
- Alcohols, aldehydes: Denature proteins.
- Chlorhexidine, organic acids: Inhibit microbial growth.
- Phenol and quaternary ammonium compounds: Denature proteins.
- There are multiple cell components impacted by chemical agents.
- Nucleic acids.
- Cell wall formation: Lactic/propionic inhibit fermentation as they prevent ATP production.
Infection Control
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Standard Precautions:
- Use common sense, PPE to prevent spread.
- Transmission-Based Precautions: Used with known or suspected infections
- Hand washing, PPE, cleaning patient areas, dealing with sharps, and patient placement are vital in infection control.
Prevention of Bloodborne Pathogens
- Precautions for Hepatitis B, C, and HIV in healthcare settings.
- PPE (gloves, face shields, pocket mask) should be used with blood and bodily fluids treated as infectious.
- Counseling, awareness, and education about bloodborne pathogens are essential.
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Description
Explore the key methods of microbial control in this quiz, including heat sterilization, filtration, and radiation. Learn essential terminology such as sterilization, disinfection, and antimicrobial agents. Test your understanding of the concepts that reduce microbial growth and protect against pathogens.
