MED100 Molecular and Cellular Medical Sciences I: Alcohols, Phenols, Ethers

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Questions and Answers

What is the functional group characteristic of the family of organic compounds known as alcohols?

−OH group (correct)

−NH2 group

−COOH group

−CH3 group

What is the structural formula of the simplest member of the family of organic compounds known as alcohols?

CH3OH (correct)

CH2OH

C2H5OH

C3H7OH

How can alcohols be viewed structurally?

Both as hydroxyl derivatives of alkanes and as alkyl derivatives of water (correct)

Neither as hydroxyl derivatives of alkanes nor as alkyl derivatives of water

Only as hydroxyl derivatives of alkanes

Only as alkyl derivatives of water

What is the basis of the classification of alcohols into primary, secondary, and tertiary alcohols?

The degree of substitution of the carbon to which the hydroxyl group is directly attached Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of an alcohol that can be seen as a water molecule in which one hydrogen has been replaced by an ethyl group?

Ethanol Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the simplest member of the family of organic compounds known as alcohols?

Methyl alcohol Signup and view all the answers

How many ways can alcohols be viewed structurally?

Two ways Signup and view all the answers

What is the general name of the functional group that is characteristic of alcohols?

Hydroxyl group Signup and view all the answers

What is the functional group that characterizes alcohols?

A hydroxyl (−OH) group bonded to a saturated carbon atom Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of alcohols in commercial applications?

As flavorings and antifreezes Signup and view all the answers

What is the classification of alcohols based on?

The number of carbons bonded to the alcohol carbon Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic that enables alcohols to be used in creating new materials with different characteristics?

Their physical properties and reactivity Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for an alcohol carbon atom that is adjacent to an alkenyl group?

Allylic Signup and view all the answers

What is the university where the lecturer is presenting this chapter?

Altınbas University Signup and view all the answers

What type of compound has a hydroxyl group attached directly to a benzene ring?

Phenol Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the lecturer presenting this chapter on alcohols, phenols, and ethers?

Asst.Prof.Behiye ÖZTÜRK ŞEN Signup and view all the answers

How do ethers differ from alcohols?

The oxygen atom of an ether is bonded to two carbon atoms Signup and view all the answers

What type of molecules contain either an alcohol or an ether functional group?

Naturally occurring molecules Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of understanding the physical properties and reactivity of alcohols and ethers?

To create new materials with different characteristics Signup and view all the answers

What is the type of alcohol that has a carbon atom with two other carbon atoms attached to it?

Secondary alcohol Signup and view all the answers

What is the suffix used in IUPAC nomenclature for alcohols?

-ol Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic smell of alcohols that is often encountered in daily life?

Vanilla or peppermint Signup and view all the answers

What is the classification of an alcohol with three carbons bonded to the alcohol carbon?

3° alcohol Signup and view all the answers

What type of compound is cholesterol?

More complex molecule Signup and view all the answers

What type of carbon is a carbon atom that has only one other carbon attached to it?

Primary carbon Signup and view all the answers

What type of hydrocarbon group can be attached to the oxygen atom in an ether?

Alkyl, alkenyl, vinyl, alkynyl, or aryl groups Signup and view all the answers

How do you determine the base name of an alcohol in IUPAC nomenclature?

By the length of the longest chain Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for an alcohol carbon atom that is attached to a benzene ring?

Benzylic Signup and view all the answers

How do you number the longest chain in IUPAC nomenclature for alcohols?

From the end that gives the carbon bearing the hydroxyl group the lower number Signup and view all the answers

What type of alcohol is formed when the carbon atom that bears the hydroxyl group has three other carbon atoms attached to it?

Tertiary alcohol Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct structural formula for diethyl ether?

CH3-CH2-O-CH2-CH3 Signup and view all the answers

What is the general term for a carbon atom that bears a hydroxyl group?

Functional carbon Signup and view all the answers

What is the general formula of ethers?

R−O−R or R−O−R′ Signup and view all the answers

What is the bond angle at the oxygen atom of an ether?

Only slightly larger than that of water Signup and view all the answers

How are the two alkyl groups attached to the oxygen atom named in an ether?

In alphabetical order Signup and view all the answers

What prefix is used when the two alkyl groups are the same in an ether?

Di- Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the hydroxyl group in IUPAC nomenclature for alcohols?

It determines the numbering of the chain Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct structural formula for ethyl propyl ether?

CH3-CH2-O-CH2-CH2-CH3 Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct name for the compound Me-O-Me?

Dimethyl ether Signup and view all the answers

What can ethers be thought of as derivatives of?

Water Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Alcohols, Phenols, and Ethers

Alcohols have a hydroxyl (−OH) group bonded to a saturated carbon atom.
The alcohol carbon atom may be part of a simple alkyl group or a more complex molecule, such as cholesterol.
Alcohols are classified as 1°, 2°, or 3°, depending on the number of carbons bonded to the alcohol carbon.

Structure and Nomenclature of Alcohols

The simplest member of the alcohol family is methyl alcohol (methanol) with the structural formula CH3OH.
Ethyl alcohol (ethanol) is another example of an alcohol, with the structural formula CH3CH2OH.
Alcohols can be viewed structurally in two ways: as hydroxyl derivatives of alkanes or as alkyl derivatives of water.
Alcohols are classified into three groups: primary (1°), secondary (2°), and tertiary (3°) alcohols, based on the degree of substitution of the carbon to which the hydroxyl group is directly attached.

Nomenclature of Alcohols

Primary (1°) alcohols have the carbon atom with only one other carbon attached to it.
Secondary (2°) alcohols have the carbon atom with two other carbon atoms attached to it.
Tertiary (3°) alcohols have the carbon atom with three other carbons attached to it.
The IUPAC name for an alcohol is determined by the longest chain to which the hydroxyl group is attached, with the ending -ol, and the numbering of the longest chain from the end that gives the carbon bearing the hydroxyl group the lower number.

Ethers

Ethers have the general formula R−O−R or R−O−R′, where R′ may be an alkyl (or phenyl) group different from R.
Ethers can be thought of as derivatives of water in which both hydrogen atoms have been replaced by alkyl groups.
The bond angle at the oxygen atom of an ether is only slightly larger than that of water.

Nomenclature of Ethers

Ethers are named by naming the two alkyl groups attached to the oxygen atom in alphabetical order and adding the word ether.
If the two alkyl groups are the same, the prefix di- is used, as in dimethyl ether.
Bond-line structural formulas can be written for ethers, such as diethyl ether, ethyl propyl ether, and ethyl isopropyl ether.

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Description

This quiz covers the topics of Alcohols, Phenols, and Ethers in the context of Molecular and Cellular Medical Sciences I. It is part of the MED100 course taught by Asst. Prof. Behiye ÖZTÜRK ŞEN.