Mechanical Ventilation Quiz: PC vs VC

To control airway pressure while allowing tidal volume to vary based on lung compliance.

Because it guarantees tidal volume but can result in high lung pressures that may cause barotrauma.

In severe asthma, COPD, and salicylate toxicity.

<p>PC allows for variable inspiratory flow, while VC typically uses a predetermined inspiratory flow pattern.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>End-inspiratory alveolar pressure cannot be reliably estimated and must be measured directly using plateau pressure.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Patients with ARDS, obesity, or severe burns.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>PEEP helps maintain airway pressure during expiration, improving oxygenation and preventing alveolar collapse.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Tidal volume is inversely related to lung compliance; lower compliance results in lower tidal volume.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Tidal volume, inspiratory flow, PEEP, and respiratory rate (RR).</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Target pressure and inspiratory time.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Patients with regular but poor spontaneous respiratory effort.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Spontaneously breathing patients requiring minimal ventilatory support.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>CPAP provides a consistent pressure, while BL-PAP uses two levels of pressure (IPAP and EPAP).</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and acute cardiogenic pulmonary edema (ACPE).</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>When used in paralyzed or deeply sedated patients.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The backup respiratory rate (RR).</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mainly PEEP and pressure support level for PSV and CPAP settings.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>PEEP helps maintain positive airway pressure at the end of expiration.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Complications include hyperventilation, air trapping, hypotension, and poor ventilator synchrony.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>CPAP provides constant positive pressure throughout the respiratory cycle.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>IMV provides both mandatory and spontaneous breaths, while A/C delivers a preset number of breaths and prioritizes patient-initiated ones.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>BiPAP alternates between higher pressure during inspiration (IPAP) and lower pressure during expiration (EPAP).</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>PEEP maintains positive airway pressure after exhalation to improve oxygenation and increase functional residual capacity (FRC).</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>CSV provides no mandatory breaths and augments patient-initiated breaths via pressure support during inhalation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>PEEP, or positive end-expiratory pressure, is used in BiPAP to maintain functional residual capacity and assist with alveolar recruitment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Benefits include high flow rates matching inspiratory demands, washing out dead space, titration of FiO2, and humidification.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>PEEP is applied deliberately to improve ventilation, while intrinsic PEEP arises from inadequate time for complete exhalation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>CSV is most beneficial for awake and interactive patients who need temporary airway protection.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>HFNC typically delivers flow rates exceeding 60 L/min, which is significant for matching patients' inspiratory needs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Patients may still initiate breaths that are not proportional to their effort, leading to ventilation issues.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An indication for HFNC is acute hypoxemic respiratory failure, while a contraindication is a patient without a patent upper airway.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>HFNC replaces anatomical dead space with oxygen, potentially improving gas exchange.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Humidification and heating enhance patient comfort and prevent airway irritation during oxygen delivery.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Facial injury could contraindicate the use of HFNC due to difficulties in maintaining a patent upper airway.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is important to titrate FiO2 and flow rates to address hypoxemia and dyspnea effectively.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and acute cardiogenic pulmonary edema (ACPE).</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The inspiratory pressure should start at 10 cm of H₂O and expiratory pressure at 5 cm of H₂O.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>PC delivers breaths at a pre-determined pressure with variable volume, while VC delivers a predetermined inspiratory volume with variable pressure.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It ensures appropriate ventilation and correlates with oxygen saturation and end-tidal CO₂ monitoring.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Plateau pressure should be maintained below 30 cm H₂O to prevent complications such as ventilator circuit obstruction.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A target score of -2 to 0 is recommended.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>PPV decreases venous return and cardiac output, which can lead to hypotension.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>NPPV should generally be avoided for definitive management in pneumonia or ARDS unless there is clear improvement.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A/C delivers a set number and volume of breaths per minute, while SIMV synchronizes mandatory breaths with spontaneous breaths.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Positive-pressure ventilation replaces negative intrathoracic pressure with positive pressure, impacting cardiovascular and pulmonary dynamics.</p> Signup and view all the answers

A type of mechanical ventilation that sets a target pressure for each breath, allowing the volume of air delivered to vary based on lung compliance.

A type of mechanical ventilation that sets a specific volume of air to be delivered with each breath.

The pressure within the alveoli at the end of inspiration.

A measurement of how easily the lungs expand and contract.

A condition characterized by inflammation and fluid buildup in the lungs, making it difficult to breathe.

A respiratory disorder that causes airflow obstruction and lung damage.

A condition where the patient experiences respiratory distress due to high levels of salicylic acid in the blood.

The highest pressure reached during inspiration.

A type of noninvasive ventilation that delivers constant positive pressure throughout the respiratory cycle.

A type of noninvasive ventilation that cycles between higher inspiratory pressure (IPAP) and lower expiratory pressure (EPAP).

Noninvasive oxygen delivery system using high-pressure oxygen and air, delivered via a gas blender, humidifier, and large-diameter tubing.

The fraction of inspired oxygen, representing the percentage of oxygen in the air breathed in.

An area in the respiratory system where gas is exchanged with the blood.

A noninvasive method that uses positive pressure to open airways, maintain lung volume, and reduce the work of breathing.

A type of noninvasive ventilation that delivers a continuous positive pressure through a mask worn over the nose and/or mouth.

A type of noninvasive ventilation that combines continuous positive airway pressure with additional pressure during inspiration.

A type of mechanical ventilation where the machine delivers a set volume of air with each breath, regardless of the patient's effort.

A mode of mechanical ventilation where the ventilator delivers a set pressure for each breath, allowing the volume of air to vary based on the patient's lung compliance.

A type of mechanical ventilation where the patient initiates breaths and the ventilator assists by providing additional pressure or volume support, ensuring adequate breaths.

A type of AC ventilation where the ventilator delivers a set volume of air for each breath, but only if the patient initiates the breath.

A type of AC ventilation where the ventilator delivers a set pressure for each breath, allowing the volume to vary based on the patient's lung compliance.

A type of mechanical ventilation where the ventilator delivers breaths at a set rate, regardless of the patient's effort.

A type of IMV where the ventilator delivers breaths that are synchronized with the patient's spontaneous breaths, making it more comfortable.

A type of mechanical ventilation where the ventilator provides continuous support for each breath, relying on the patient to initiate each breath.

A type of CSV where the ventilator provides a set amount of pressure support for each breath, helping the patient to maintain adequate ventilation.

A/C mode delivers breaths at a set frequency, allowing the patient to initiate breaths if needed. The ventilator prioritizes these patient breaths. It can use volume-controlled or pressure-controlled breaths.

PEEP maintains positive airway pressure even after exhalation. This increases lung capacity, improves oxygenation, and reduces lung collapse.

NPPV delivers CSV through a mask, allowing the patient to breathe naturally while receiving additional pressure support.

Intrinsic PEEP occurs unintentionally when there's not enough time to exhale completely, leading to higher pressure at the end of exhalation. This can affect airway clearance.

Air trapping is the buildup of air in the lungs that's hard to exhale. This can happen in A/C ventilation when the patient struggles to exhale fully.