Mechanical Ventilation Overview

Pressure target, inspiratory time, RR, and PEEP.

Tidal volume and inspiratory flow rate.

To avoid excessive lung pressures and minimize lung injury.

<p>Dual-control ventilation</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Severe asthma and COPD</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Assist-control (A/C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Peak inspiratory pressure (PIP).</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Because flow is not constant, and pressure limits would need to be measured separately.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The ventilator's preset minimum rate</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Tidal volume.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The patient's spontaneous respiratory effort</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>PAV or APRV</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>ARDS and severe burns.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Respiratory system compliance</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Assist-Control Ventilation</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Continuous Spontaneous Ventilation (CSV)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Intermittent Mandatory Ventilation (IMV)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>IPAP and EPAP</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Paralyzed or deeply sedated patient</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Positive end-expiratory pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>RR (backup rate)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>COPD and ACPE</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>RR</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>SIMV provides volume or pressure support for patient-initiated breaths, unlike A/C which only provides mandatory breaths.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>CSV provides no mandatory breaths, only augmenting the patient's spontaneous breaths.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Inspiratory flow slowing to a pre-set level.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It prevents alveolar collapse.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It can over-distend well-aerated lung units.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>PSV applies pressure support until a set inspiratory flow is reached, while CSV pressure varies with patient effort.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>NPPV delivers pressure through a sealed mask, serving as an alternative to invasive methods such as endotracheal intubation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>All preset breaths are still delivered at the set rate.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Inspiratory flow, time, and tidal volume are determined by the patient's effort.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increases functional residual capacity and decreases intrapulmonary shunting.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Spontaneous patient-initiated breaths</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Patient-initiated breaths are not directly proportional to effort.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The preset rate</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hyperventilation, air trapping, hypotension, poor ventilator synchrony</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>IMV delivers both mandatory and spontaneous breaths, while A/C delivers either preset or full-size spontaneous breaths.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mandatory and spontaneous breaths</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Synchronize with spontaneous breaths</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Paralyzed and sedated.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>13</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A/C</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To deliver a preset tidal volume with every breath.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The inspiratory phase ends.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By using pressure-regulated breaths.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The target pressure (inspiratory and expiratory).</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By limiting the peak inspiratory pressure.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Inspiratory time and, if required, pressure support.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Patients with severe ARDS.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Excessively high intrathoracic pressure.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pressure waveforms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Volume delivered.</p> Signup and view all the answers

A type of mechanical ventilation where the ventilator sets a specific pressure for the patient's airway, while the tidal volume is allowed to vary depending on lung compliance.

A type of mechanical ventilation where the ventilator delivers a predetermined volume of air to the patient's lungs with each breath.

The pressure required to overcome airway resistance and lung stiffness to deliver a breath.

The pressure that remains in the lungs at the end of exhalation.

The amount of air that is moved in and out of the lungs with each breath.

The number of breaths a person takes per minute.

The ability of the lungs to expand and contract.

A condition characterized by widespread inflammation and fluid buildup in the lungs, making it difficult to breathe.

A newer ventilator approach that combines volume and pressure settings for a more personalized approach.

A dual-control mode where the ventilator delivers a specific tidal volume while adjusting pressure to prevent excessive airway pressure.

The level of support a ventilator provides for breathing.

A mode where the ventilator provides continuous breaths at a set rate, regardless of the patient's effort. Used for patients with very little to no spontaneous breathing.

A mode where the ventilator delivers a pre-set number of breaths using either pressure or volume control. The patient may also take additional breaths spontaneously.

A mode where the ventilator does not deliver mandatory breaths. It simply augments the patient's breathing effort.

The key difference is that A/C and IMV deliver a set number of breaths, while CSV allows patient effort to dictate the breaths.

A type of ventilation that provides a minimum number of set breaths but allows the patient to initiate additional breaths, giving them more control over their breathing.

A ventilation mode that provides continuous pressure support throughout the respiratory cycle without delivering mandatory breaths, relying entirely on the patient's breathing effort.

A ventilation mode that delivers pressure support to the airway only when the patient initiates a breath, helping them to breathe more easily.

A noninvasive ventilation method that delivers continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) through a sealed mask, providing support for spontaneous breathing.

A type of ventilation similar to SIMV, but the patient's breaths are supported with pressure instead of volume.

The rate at which the patient breathes, measured in breaths per minute.

The amount of air left in the lungs after exhalation.

The process of air moving in and out of the lungs.

A type of ventilation where the machine provides a set breath volume with each breath, regardless of the patient's effort. The machine delivers a set tidal volume, inspiratory flow, and respiratory rate.

A mode of ventilation where the patient tries to breathe on their own, but the machine delivers a set number of breaths per minute (backup rate) as needed.

A type of ventilation that uses a machine to deliver continuous positive pressure to the airway, helping to keep the airway open and improve breathing.

A similar approach to CPAP, but with two pressure levels: higher during inspiration (IPAP) and lower during expiration (EPAP).

The rate at which air is delivered during inspiration.

A condition characterized by difficulty breathing, often caused by fluid buildup in the lungs.

A ventilation mode that provides preset breaths, but allows spontaneous breaths. The ventilator prioritizes patient-initiated breaths, meaning it will deliver a full breath if the patient starts breathing spontaneously, even if it's not time for a preset breath.

A type of A/C ventilation where the ventilator delivers a set volume of air with each breath.

A type of A/C ventilation where the ventilator delivers a set pressure with each breath.

Breaths delivered by the ventilator regardless of patient effort, at a set rate.

Breaths initiated by the patient in IMV.

In A/C, the ventilator delivers a full breath even if the patient only initiates a small breath.

Spontaneous breaths in A/C can lead to excessive ventilation, air trapping, low blood pressure, and difficulty coordinating with the ventilator.

In IMV, the ventilator tries to deliver breaths in sync with the patient's own attempts to breathe.

Adequate sedation in A/C is crucial to prevent excessive spontaneous breaths that can disrupt the ventilation process.

A ventilator mode that delivers a targeted pressure to ensure a desired tidal volume is delivered for each breath.

It ensures that even if the patient's lung compliance changes, the ventilator will adjust the pressure to deliver the predetermined tidal volume.

It helps to prevent overdistension of the lungs by limiting the peak inspiratory pressure (PIP).

It allows for better synchronization between the patient's breathing effort and the ventilator.

It can help to open up collapsed alveoli by providing pressure support during exhalation.

This helps to prevent air trapping and ensures that the lungs can adequately exhale.

It involves setting the desired tidal volume, peak inspiratory pressure, and expiratory pressure.

It evaluates how well the ventilator is delivering the set tidal volume and whether the pressure settings need to be adjusted.

This mode is not ideal for patients with very severe ARDS.

It requires careful adjustment of the pressure and volume parameters to achieve the desired results.