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Questions and Answers
What does Peak Inspiratory Pressure (PIP) indicate?
What does Peak Inspiratory Pressure (PIP) indicate?
Which of the following is a possible cause of a high pressure alarm?
Which of the following is a possible cause of a high pressure alarm?
What intervention should be taken if a low pressure alarm is activated?
What intervention should be taken if a low pressure alarm is activated?
Sensitivity in the context of ventilators refers to:
Sensitivity in the context of ventilators refers to:
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Which action is NOT part of the intervention for high pressure alarms?
Which action is NOT part of the intervention for high pressure alarms?
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What is a primary characteristic of Synchronized Intermittent Mandatory Ventilation (SIMV)?
What is a primary characteristic of Synchronized Intermittent Mandatory Ventilation (SIMV)?
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Which statement accurately describes a disadvantage of using SIMV?
Which statement accurately describes a disadvantage of using SIMV?
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In Pressure Support Ventilation (PSV), who determines the inspiratory length?
In Pressure Support Ventilation (PSV), who determines the inspiratory length?
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What is the main purpose of applying pressure support in PSV?
What is the main purpose of applying pressure support in PSV?
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Which procedure is associated with initiating a breath of a patient with tidal volume by a ventilator?
Which procedure is associated with initiating a breath of a patient with tidal volume by a ventilator?
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Study Notes
Peak Inspiratory Pressure
- The peak inspiratory pressure (PIP) is the highest pressure displayed on a ventilator at the end of expiration.
- High PIP may indicate a patient is expending a lot of effort to breathe, which could be a sign of airway obstruction, lung disease, or other problems.
- Normal PIP is between 20-40 cmH₂O
- Sensitivity refers to the amount of effort a patient must exert to start an inspiration.
Ventilation 2024-2025
- Arterial blood pH measures the acidity or alkalinity of the blood, helping to determine whether the lungs are effectively removing carbon dioxide.
- The normal range for arterial Blood pH is 7.35 - 7.45
- PaCO₂ measures the partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the arteries.
- The normal range for PaCO₂ is 35-45 mmHg.
Modes of Mechanical Ventilation
- Control Ventilation (CV): The ventilator completely controls the patient's ventilation. This mode is primarily used for patients who are unable to initiate a breath.
- Assist-Control Ventilation (A/C): The ventilator provides a preset tidal volume at a preset rate and delivers a specified tidal volume to the patient. Patients may need to be sedated to limit a high number of spontaneous breaths because hyperventilation could occur.
Mechanical Ventilation Criteria
- Inadequate Gas Exchange: Often related to conditions that impact the ability of the lungs to absorb oxygen and remove carbon dioxide. Examples include pneumonia, pulmonary edema, and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS).
- Inadequate Breathing: These conditions hinder the ability to move air effectively. This could be due to chest wall problems (fractured ribs), pleural wall problems (pneumothorax, hemothorax), respiratory muscle failure (e.g., myasthenia gravis, poliomyelitis), or central nervous system depression (e.g., drugs, brain stem compression).
- Obstructed Breathing: Problems that restrict airflow through the respiratory system, such as upper airway obstruction (e.g., epiglottitis, edema, tumor) or lower airway obstruction (e.g., bronchospasm).
- Other: Mechanical ventilation maybe indicated to address issues not directly related to breathing complications, such as controlling intracranial pressure in head injury, airway protection following drug overdose, following cardiac arrest, recovering after prolonged major surgery or trauma (upper abdominal/thoracic surgery), or altered conscious level.
Criteria for Initiating Mechanical Ventilation
- Respiratory Rate The normal range is 10-20 breaths per minute. A patient who is breathing less than or more than this range may need mechanical ventilation.
- Tidal Volume: The volume of air inhaled with each breath. A normal range is 5-10 ml/kg body weight. Clients with a tidal volume less than 5 ml/kg may need medical intervention.
- Vital Capacity: The maximum amount of air a person can exhale after a full inhalation. 65-75 ml/kg body weight Clients with a vital capacity less than 15 may need medical intervention.
- Maximum Inspiratory Force: The maximum force that a person can generate during inhalation. Normal Maximum Inspiratory Force (MIF) is between 75 - 100 cmH₂O. A patient with a MIF less than 20 cmH₂O may need medical intervention.
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Description
This quiz covers key concepts related to mechanical ventilation, including peak inspiratory pressure, arterial blood pH, and different modes of ventilation. Understand the normal ranges and implications of these measurements for patient care in critical settings.
