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Questions and Answers
According to Mead's theory, which phase of the self reflects the attitude of the generalized other?
What did Georg Simmel propose in contrast to Mead about human nature?
Which of the following forces increases objective culture, according to the text?
What is urbanization primarily defined as in the text?
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How does Mead see the self according to his theory?
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Which theorist was intensely interested in the impact of modern, objective culture on an individual's subjective experiences?
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What is the focus of Sociology?
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According to George Herbert Mead, what does the self represent?
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During the Play Stage, what do children begin to do?
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At what stage does the child begin to consider several tasks and various types of relationships simultaneously according to George Herbert Mead's theory?
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Which stage did George Herbert Mead claim that the self did not exist at birth?
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What type of behaviors are primarily exhibited by children in the Preparatory Stage according to Mead's theory?
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Which field of study emphasizes the Theory of Cultural Determinism?
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In Clifford Geertz's observation in Bali, what did he find individuals prioritize?
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What did Clifford Geertz highlight as evidence of tension in Bali between individual agency and cultural norms?
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How does Anthropology suggest a person's self is formed or determined?
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In the text, which term refers to culturally prescribed masks presented in social life?
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What did Clifford Geertz observe about the tension between individual agency and culturally established norms in Bali?
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Study Notes
Sociology and Anthropology
- Sociology is the science that studies the development, structure, interaction, and collective behavior of human beings.
- Anthropology is a broad field that takes an interdisciplinary approach to looking at human culture, both past and present.
The Social Self by George Herbert Mead
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Mead is an American philosopher, sociologist, and psychologist.
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The self represents the sum total of people's conscious perception of their identity as distinct from others.
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The self undergoes development and is not present instantly at birth.
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Mead identified three stages of self-formation:
Preparatory Stage
- The self does not exist at birth.
- The child's behaviors are primarily based on imitation.
Play Stage
- Through socialized communication, social relationships are formed.
- Children begin to role-play and pretend to be other people.
Game Stage
- The child begins to consider several tasks and various types of relationships simultaneously.
- The child has the ability to respond not just to one but several members of their social environment.
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Mead identified two phases of the self:
- "Me" - The phase which reflects the attitude of the generalized other.
- "I" - The phase that responds to the attitude of generalized other.
The Self as a Product of Modern Society by Georg Simmel
- Simmel was a German sociologist, philosopher, and critic.
- He was intensely interested in the ways in which modern, objective culture impacts the individual's subjective experiences.
- He made a distinction between subjective and objective culture.
- Objective culture is made up of elements that become separated from the individual or group's control and identified as separate objects.
- Simmel proposed that there is something called human nature that is innate to the individual.
- Three interrelated forces that increase objective culture are:
- Money
- Urbanization
- Social Network
The Self Embedded in Culture by Clifford Geertz
- Geertz explored the concept of self in different cultures, focusing on Java, Bali, and Morocco.
- He observed in Bali that individuals prioritize cultural roles over personal distinctions, presenting culturally prescribed masks in social life.
- He highlighted stage fright in Bali as evidence of the tension between individual agency and the culturally established norm of non-individuality.
- Culture may manifest itself in people through:
- Symbols
- Heroes
- Linguistics
- Biology
- Rituals
- Values
The Self and Person in Contemporary Anthropology
- The field of Anthropology offers another way to view oneself.
- The self is formed or determined by the past and present condition, biological characteristics, communication and language use, and the lifestyle we choose to live.
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Description
Test your knowledge on Mead's theory of self and its connection to modern society. Explore the concepts of 'me' and 'I' as identified by Mead, along with the influence of social interactions on the construction of the self.
