Research Methodology - Tools
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Questions and Answers

What primary characteristic defines a good sample?

  • It should prioritize convenience over accuracy.
  • It can be subjective and influenced by personal beliefs.
  • It must accurately represent the properties of the population. (correct)
  • It should be biased towards the researcher's expectations.

    • Which type of sampling involves equal chance for each member of the population to be chosen?

  • Systematic Sampling
  • Random Sampling (correct)
  • Judgment Sampling
  • Quota Sampling

    • Which feature does NOT contribute to a good sample?

  • Being influenced by the investigator's pre-conceptions. (correct)
  • Maintaining objectivity in the selection process.
  • Yielding accurate estimates.
  • Being comprehensive in nature.

    • In which scenario is non-probability sampling generally preferred?

    <p>In action research focusing on specific classes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of probability sampling?

    <p>To provide a method that allows generalization of results.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary purpose of a research design?

    <p>To minimize expenditure while maximizing information</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the validity and reliability of data affect research conclusions?

    <p>They must be validated to justify the research conclusions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes research design?

    <p>A comprehensive outline for data collection and analysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should researchers ensure regarding their experience and integrity?

    <p>It adds confidence to the research findings</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one key aspect of a research design's influence on research results?

    <p>It provides a foundation for reliability in results</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which metaphoric description applies to research design based on the provided content?

    <p>A map guiding through the research process</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In developing a research design, what should researchers consider primarily?

    <p>The arrangement of conditions for analysis and collection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does research design function similarly to a blueprint?

    <p>It provides a detailed plan for conducting research operations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characteristic is essential for a good research design?

    <p>Minimizing bias and maximizing reliability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is objectivity important in research design?

    <p>It ensures consistent measurement across observers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a research design provide to others involved in the process?

    <p>A detailed understanding of the entire research process</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What principle is associated with the best research design?

    <p>Yielding the smallest experimental error possible</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what way does a research design aid the investigator?

    <p>By clearly defining the issues and potential solutions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    To which aspect of research does the term 'objectivity' refer?

    <p>The methods of data collection and scoring of responses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does a research design affect the flow of research operations?

    <p>By ensuring a clear guideline for conducting research</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the null hypothesis primarily state?

    <p>There is no difference between variables.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens if the null hypothesis is rejected?

    <p>The researcher must accept an alternative hypothesis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is the formulation of a testable hypothesis considered crucial?

    <p>It can prevent drawing accurate conclusions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of hypothesis is often termed as a 'zero hypothesis'?

    <p>Null hypothesis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does a null hypothesis play in statistical knowledge?

    <p>It provides a basis for measuring chance effects.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes a non-directional hypothesis?

    <p>It nullifies the positive argument of findings.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a reason a poorly formulated hypothesis can be problematic?

    <p>It leads to accurate conclusions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the acceptance of the general hypothesis imply?

    <p>A significant difference has been observed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key characteristic of a null hypothesis regarding researcher bias?

    <p>It aims for objectivity in outcomes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statistical approach is employed to assess null hypotheses?

    <p>Statistical tests of significance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of sampling in behavioral research?

    <p>To make research findings economical and accurate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which assumption holds true regarding the nature of social phenomena in sampling?

    <p>Some representative types are likely to exist within the population</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the law of statistical regularity state about randomly chosen groups?

    <p>They often possess characteristics similar to the larger group</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is considered a statistical sample?

    <p>A miniature picture or cross-section of the entire group</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is absolute accuracy not essential in sampling?

    <p>Because relative accuracy is often sufficient for large-scale observations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'population' refer to in the context of sampling?

    <p>The entire group from which a sample is drawn</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the sample in research?

    <p>To provide insights about the population from its characteristics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does sampling help to achieve in terms of research findings?

    <p>An economical and efficient analysis of data</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an important characteristic of each individual selected for a sample?

    <p>Every individual should have an equal chance of selection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes sampling from complete enumeration of a population?

    <p>Sampling uses a smaller, representative subset</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Research Methodology: Tools and Techniques

    • This document is a research methodology textbook
    • The book has chapters on research, research process, research design, research problem, variables and their types, sampling, tools for data collection, data analysis, interpretation, a research proposal and a research report.
    • It aims to explain research methods in a non-technical language for easy student understanding.
    • It highlights common research methods and procedures.
    • It includes detailed information on various aspects of research methodologies.
    • The book was first published in 2015.

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