MD137 Haematology Lecture 4: Blood Groups
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Questions and Answers

What are the two antigens present in the ABO blood group system?

  • A and Rh antigens
  • A and C antigens
  • B and O antigens
  • A and B antigens (correct)

    • Which blood type contains both anti-A and anti-B antibodies?

  • Type O (correct)
  • Type A
  • Type AB
  • Type B

    • In the ABO blood group system, what type of antibodies does a person with Type AB blood have?

  • Both anti-A and anti-B antibodies
  • Anti-A antibodies only
  • Neither anti-A nor anti-B antibodies (correct)
  • Anti-B antibodies only

    • What is the most clinically significant antigen of the Rhesus blood group system?

    <p>Antigen D</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If a person has Type A blood, which type of antibodies do they have?

    <p>Anti-B antibodies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which blood group is compatible for transfusion with Type AB blood?

    <p>Type AB</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many blood group systems have been identified to date?

    <p>36 blood group systems</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of antibodies does a person with Type B blood typically produce?

    <p>Anti-A antibodies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What blood type is considered the universal donor for red blood cell transfusions?

    <p>Blood group O</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which alleles in the ABO blood group system are considered dominant?

    <p>A and B alleles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of mixing blood from two incompatible blood types?

    <p>Agglutination and haemolysis occur</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which blood type can receive blood from all other blood types?

    <p>Blood group AB</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the non-functional allele in the ABO blood group system?

    <p>O allele</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What component is NOT typically derived from donated blood?

    <p>Red blood cell plasma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do agglutination and haemolysis in a blood transfusion indicate?

    <p>Incompatibility between donor and recipient</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following genotypes corresponds to blood type AB?

    <p>AB</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of mixing incompatible blood groups?

    <p>Haemolytic reactions that can be fatal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of RhoGam treatment administered to Rh- mothers?

    <p>To bind to the D antigen and mark Rh+ cells for clearance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How has the introduction of antenatal RhoGam impacted Rh- women?

    <p>Decreased incidence of alloimmunization to 0.1%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the presence of the Rh+ blood type indicate?

    <p>Presence of the D antigen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What condition can arise when a Rh- mother gives birth to a Rh+ baby?

    <p>Haemolytic Disease of the Newborn</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common outcome for a newborn affected by hemolysis?

    <p>Jaundice and possible kernicterus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the ABO blood group system depend on?

    <p>Three alleles: A, B, and O</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about Rh- individuals is true?

    <p>They do not usually carry antibodies to D antigen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most important antigen in the Rhesus system?

    <p>D antigen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement is true about a Rhesus positive person?

    <p>They may be either heterozygous or homozygous for the D allele.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs when a Rhesus negative person receives Rhesus positive blood?

    <p>They generate anti-D antibodies.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common consequence of Rhesus incompatibility during pregnancy?

    <p>Haemolytic disease of the newborn</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do anti-D antibodies affect subsequent pregnancies?

    <p>They can cause agglutination of fetal erythrocytes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of white people are Rhesus negative?

    <p>15%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of antibodies are produced by a Rhesus negative mother during incompatibility?

    <p>IgG antibodies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which event may the baby's erythrocytes enter the mother's system?

    <p>During labor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    MD137 Haematology - Lecture 4: Blood Groups

    • Blood groups are categorized by antigens on red blood cells, reacting with antibodies from other individuals.
    • The ABO blood group system includes four types: A, B, AB, and O.
    • The Rh blood group system is categorized as either positive or negative, based on the presence or absence of the D antigen.
    • ABO system inheritance is determined by three alleles (A, B, and O). A and B are dominant, O is recessive.
    • Individuals with type A blood have anti-B antibodies, type B blood has anti-A antibodies, Type AB blood has neither, and type O blood has both anti-A and anti-B antibodies.
    • Blood transfusions involving incompatible blood types can lead to agglutination (clumping) of red blood cells and potential haemolysis (destruction of red blood cells).
    • 36 blood group systems are identified currently, with ABO and Rhesus being clinically important.
    • The ABO system contains 2 main antigens: A and B.
    • The Rhesus (Rh) system has 50 antigens, with D being the most clinically significant.
    • Individuals with RhD+ carry the D antigen and are Rh positive.
    • Individuals with RhD- lack the D antigen and are Rh negative; they generally do not produce anti-D antibodies unless exposed to Rh+ blood.
    • Anti-D antibodies are produced when an Rh- individual receives Rh+ blood. Also when an Rh- mother carries an Rh+ fetus.
    • Haemolytic Disease of the Newborn (HDN) occurs during pregnancy when the Rh- mother has an Rh+ fetus.
    • HDN can result from an incompatibility between the mother's immune system and antigens on the fetal red blood cells.
    • To prevent HDFN, RhoGAM is administered to prevent sensitization.
    • RhoGAM (anti-D antibody) is administered prophylactically, to prevent potential immune responses in the mother during a pregnancy with an Rh+ fetus.

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    Description

    This quiz focuses on the essential concepts of blood groups, specifically the ABO and Rh systems. Learn about the classification based on antigens, inheritance patterns, and the implications for blood transfusions. Test your understanding of the compatibility and antibody interactions within these vital systems.

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