McGraw Hill Connect Chapter 3: Ionic Compounds
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following statements correctly describe chemical bonding? (Select all that apply)

  • Atoms will never form bonds if they have a full outer shell.
  • Bonding cannot occur without electrons.
  • Bonding always forms a species that is more stable than the atoms from which it is made. (correct)
  • Only the valence electrons of an atom are involved in bonding. (correct)
  • Match each type of chemical bonding to its definition.

    Ionic bond = Electrical attraction resulting from a transfer of electrons Covalent bond = Sharing of electrons between two atoms

    Classify the following substances as ionic or covalent.

    CH4 = Covalent FeCl3 = Ionic Cl2 = Covalent

    Match each name of a charged or uncharged particle to its description.

    <p>Cation = A chemical species with more protons than electrons Anion = A chemical species with more electrons than protons Neutral atom = A chemical species with equal numbers of protons and electrons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the symbol of each ion to its description.

    <p>La3+ = 57 protons and 54 electrons I- = 53 protons and 54 electrons Cs+ = 55 protons and 54 electrons La+ = 57 protons and 56 electrons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In bonding, atoms typically ___, ___, or ___ electrons to attain the electronic configuration of the nearest noble gas in the periodic table.

    <p>gain, lose, share</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In _______ bonds, electrons are transferred from one element to another to form charged particles, which then attract each other. In _______ bonds, electrons are shared between two atoms.

    <p>ionic, covalent</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The tendency of atoms to gain or lose electrons so as to have eight electrons in their outermost shell is known as the ______.

    <p>octet rule</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following formulas represent ionic compounds?

    <p>K2O</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Positively charged ions are called _______ while negatively charged ions are called _______.

    <p>cations, anions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the ion symbol for an atom with 11 protons and 10 electrons?

    <p>Na+</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When forming ions, main group elements will gain or lose electrons so as to have eight electrons in the outermost shell. This is an illustration of the _____ rule.

    <p>octet</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following pairs of elements would be expected to form ions with the same charge? (Select all that apply)

    <p>Na and Li</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements are characteristic of metals, and which belong to nonmetals? ________ form cations in ionic compounds. ________ form anions in ionic compounds. For main group _________, the ion charge is typically the group number.

    <p>metals, nonmetals, metals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match each element with the predicted charge of its ion.

    <p>A nonmetal in group 6A = -2 A metal in group 4A = Variable charge (both +2 and +4) A metal in group 1A = +1 A halogen element = -1</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Chlorine typically forms an ion with a charge of -1. Which elements below are likely to form ions with the same charge as chlorine?

    <p>F</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the electronic configurations of neutral atoms with the charge of its monatomic ion.

    <p>1s22s1 = +1 1s22s22p5 = -1 1s22s22p63s2 = +2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements correctly describe the formation of ions? (Select all that apply)

    <p>Main group metals typically form ions with a noble gas electronic configuration.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Metals that can form cations with a variable charge are typically found in which of the following areas of the periodic table?

    <p>Transition metals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Give the charge of the stable ion formed by each of the following.

    <p>2+, 3+</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A certain neutral atom has the electronic configuration 1s22s22p63s23p1. What is the charge of its stable ion?

    <p>3+</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the elements below have variable charge (that is, they can typically form more than one type of cation)?

    <p>Sn</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Na+ occurs in high concentration in the extracellular fluids outside of cells. Which other metal ion occurs in high concentration in the extracellular fluids?

    <p>Ca2+</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which image best represents the arrangement of ions in an ionic compound?

    <p>Image C</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statements are correct with regard to writing formulas for ionic compounds?

    <p>All of the above are correct.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these ions are important to processes within the human body?

    <p>Fe2+</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which consumer product would potassium chloride (KCl) be found?

    <p>Potassium supplement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following are accurate descriptions of ionic compounds?

    <p>Ionic compounds, such as sodium chloride, exist in an orderly crystal lattice.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Fill in the blanks to provide the correct name for each ion below. Include the element name and charge where appropriate. Do not capitalize the element name.

    <p>calcium, aluminium, iron, ferric, lead, plumbic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In ionic compounds, metals form ________, whereas nonmetals form ________. For a main group element, the charge of its ion can be determined from the _______ number.

    <p>cations, anions, group</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match each ionic compound to the consumer product in which it can be commonly found.

    <p>Potassium iodide = Added to table salt Zinc oxide = Sunscreen Sodium fluoride = Toothpaste</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What suffix is used when naming an anion formed from a nonmetal?

    <p>-ide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Give the correct, systematic name for each ion below.

    <p>barium, cesium, cuprous, stannous</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the chemical formulas below appear with their correct, systematic names?

    <p>potassium oxide = K2O sodium hydride = NaH</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When is a Roman numeral used in the name of an ionic compound?

    <p>When the cation is a metal that can have a variable charge</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: When a nonmetal forms an anion, the name of the anion is the same as the element from which it was formed.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Give the correct, systematic name for the compound Mg3N2.

    <p>magnesium, nitrate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Correctly order the steps used in naming an ionic compound with a given formula.

    <p>Write the name of the ionic compound by writing the name of the cation first, then the anion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following are steps in deriving the formula of an ionic compound from its name?

    <p>Decide how many units of each ion are needed to balance the charges and make a neutral compound.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Place subscripts in the blanks to give the correct formula for aluminum sulfide.

    <p>2, 3</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of most ionic compounds?

    <p>Relatively low boiling point</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following formulas represent polyatomic ions?

    <p>H3O+</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: In writing the formula of an ionic compound, cations and anions must combine in a ratio such that the sum of all charges in the formula equals zero.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the correct formula for the hydronium ion?

    <p>H3O+</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Give the formula for each of the compounds below. iron(III) chloride, tin(IV) oxide, mercury(II) sulfide

    <p>SnO2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Ionic compounds generally have _____ boiling points and _____ melting points.

    <p>high, high</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The names of several anions that contain sulfur are given below. Match each name with its correct formula.

    <p>Sulfate = SO42- Bisulfate = HSO4- Sulfite = SO32- Sulfide = S2-</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements accurately describe polyatomic ions?

    <p>A polyatomic ion is a cation or anion that contains more than one atom.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The ammonium ion contains one nitrogen atom, _______ hydrogen atoms, and has a charge of _______.

    <p>4, 1</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Correctly order the steps followed in writing the formula of an ionic compound containing a polyatomic ion.

    <p>If more than one unit of a polyatomic ion is needed, place parentheses around the polyatomic ion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the polyatomic ion with the formula NO2-?

    <p>nitrite ion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following formulas of compounds containing polyatomic ions are correctly written?

    <p>MgSO3</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Give the correct, systematic name for the compound Fe2(SO3)3.

    <p>ferric sulfite</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When are parentheses used in writing the formula of an ionic compound?

    <p>When a subscript must be used with a polyatomic ion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Chemical Bonding

    • Valence electrons are the primary participants in bonding.
    • Bonding generally leads to the formation of more stable species than the original atoms.

    Types of Chemical Bonds

    • Ionic Bond: Results from electrical attraction due to electron transfer between atoms.
    • Covalent Bond: Involves the sharing of electrons between two atoms.

    Substance Classification

    • Covalent Substances: CH4, Cl2
    • Ionic Substances: FeCl3

    Charged Particles

    • Cation: More protons than electrons, leading to a positive charge.
    • Anion: More electrons than protons, giving a negative charge.
    • Neutral Atom: Equal numbers of protons and electrons.

    Ion Symbols and Their Descriptions

    • La³⁺: 57 protons, 54 electrons
    • I⁻: 53 protons, 54 electrons
    • Cs⁺: 55 protons, 54 electrons
    • La⁺: 57 protons, 56 electrons

    Electron Transfer in Bonding

    • Atoms may gain, lose, or share electrons to reach a stable noble gas configuration.

    Ionic and Covalent Bonds

    • Ionic bonds involve electron transfer and formation of charged particles.
    • Covalent bonds are characterized by electron sharing.

    Octet Rule

    • Atoms tend to gain or lose electrons to achieve eight electrons in their outermost shell.

    Ionic Compound Formulas

    • Examples of ionic compounds include MgO and K₂O.

    Ion Nomenclature

    • Cations are positively charged, while anions are negatively charged.
    • The symbol for an atom with 11 protons and 10 electrons is Na⁺.

    Variables in Ion Formation

    • Main group elements strive to have a stable configuration similar to noble gases.
    • Group 6A nonmetals typically form -2 ions.

    Charges of Elements

    • Sodium (Na) and Lithium (Li) can form ions with the same charge.
    • Metals typically form cations; nonmetals form anions.
    • Main group metals have charges equal to their group number.

    Variable Charge Metals

    • Metals with variable charges can be found in groups such as 4A and transition metals.

    Human Body Ions

    • Important ions include Cl⁻, Na⁺, and Fe²⁺, which play significant roles in physiological functions.

    Potassium Chloride (KCl)

    • Found in potassium supplements, highlighting its utility in nutrition.

    Characteristics of Ionic Compounds

    • Ionic compounds form orderly crystal lattices and must have a net charge of zero.

    Steps for Naming and Writing Formulas

    • Naming involves determining the cation’s charge, naming it (with Roman numerals if necessary), followed by the anion.
    • When writing formulas, identify cation and anion, balance charges, and use subscripts appropriately.
    • Use parentheses when a polyatomic ion requires a subscript.

    Properties of Ionic Compounds

    • They exhibit high melting and boiling points, demonstrating strong intermolecular forces.

    Polyatomic Ions

    • Defined as ions containing two or more atoms, which are covalently bonded.
    • Common polyatomic ions include sulfate (SO₄²⁻), sulfite (SO₃²⁻), and ammonium (NH₄⁺).

    Systematic Naming

    • The systematic names of compounds must reflect their ionic compositions, such as ferric sulfite for Fe₂(SO₃)₃.

    Charge Balancing in Compounds

    • Neutral compounds require a specific ratio of ammonium to carbonate ions to achieve charge balance, exemplified by 2 ammonium ions for every 1 carbonate ion.

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    Description

    Test your understanding of ionic compounds and chemical bonding with this quiz. You will match definitions, select correct statements, and deepen your grasp on the fundamentals of ionic interactions. Perfect for students studying chemistry at the high school level.

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