McGraw Hill Connect Chapter 3: Ionic Compounds

Questions and Answers

Which of the following statements correctly describe chemical bonding? (Select all that apply)

Atoms will never form bonds if they have a full outer shell.

Bonding cannot occur without electrons.

Bonding always forms a species that is more stable than the atoms from which it is made. (correct)

Only the valence electrons of an atom are involved in bonding. (correct)

Match each type of chemical bonding to its definition.

Ionic bond = Electrical attraction resulting from a transfer of electrons Covalent bond = Sharing of electrons between two atoms

Classify the following substances as ionic or covalent.

CH4 = Covalent FeCl3 = Ionic Cl2 = Covalent

Match each name of a charged or uncharged particle to its description.

Cation = A chemical species with more protons than electrons Anion = A chemical species with more electrons than protons Neutral atom = A chemical species with equal numbers of protons and electrons Signup and view all the answers

Match the symbol of each ion to its description.

La3+ = 57 protons and 54 electrons I- = 53 protons and 54 electrons Cs+ = 55 protons and 54 electrons La+ = 57 protons and 56 electrons Signup and view all the answers

In bonding, atoms typically _, _, or ___ electrons to attain the electronic configuration of the nearest noble gas in the periodic table.

gain, lose, share Signup and view all the answers

In _ bonds, electrons are transferred from one element to another to form charged particles, which then attract each other. In _ bonds, electrons are shared between two atoms.

ionic, covalent Signup and view all the answers

The tendency of atoms to gain or lose electrons so as to have eight electrons in their outermost shell is known as the ______.

octet rule Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following formulas represent ionic compounds?

K2O Signup and view all the answers

Positively charged ions are called _ while negatively charged ions are called _.

cations, anions Signup and view all the answers

What is the ion symbol for an atom with 11 protons and 10 electrons?

Na+ Signup and view all the answers

When forming ions, main group elements will gain or lose electrons so as to have eight electrons in the outermost shell. This is an illustration of the _____ rule.

octet Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following pairs of elements would be expected to form ions with the same charge? (Select all that apply)

Na and Li Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements are characteristic of metals, and which belong to nonmetals? form cations in ionic compounds. form anions in ionic compounds. For main group _, the ion charge is typically the group number.

metals, nonmetals, metals Signup and view all the answers

Match each element with the predicted charge of its ion.

A nonmetal in group 6A = -2 A metal in group 4A = Variable charge (both +2 and +4) A metal in group 1A = +1 A halogen element = -1 Signup and view all the answers

Chlorine typically forms an ion with a charge of -1. Which elements below are likely to form ions with the same charge as chlorine?

F Signup and view all the answers

Match the electronic configurations of neutral atoms with the charge of its monatomic ion.

1s22s1 = +1 1s22s22p5 = -1 1s22s22p63s2 = +2 Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements correctly describe the formation of ions? (Select all that apply)

Main group metals typically form ions with a noble gas electronic configuration. Signup and view all the answers

Metals that can form cations with a variable charge are typically found in which of the following areas of the periodic table?

Transition metals Signup and view all the answers

Give the charge of the stable ion formed by each of the following.

2+, 3+ Signup and view all the answers

A certain neutral atom has the electronic configuration 1s22s22p63s23p1. What is the charge of its stable ion?

3+ Signup and view all the answers

Which of the elements below have variable charge (that is, they can typically form more than one type of cation)?

Sn Signup and view all the answers

Na+ occurs in high concentration in the extracellular fluids outside of cells. Which other metal ion occurs in high concentration in the extracellular fluids?

Ca2+ Signup and view all the answers

Which image best represents the arrangement of ions in an ionic compound?

Image C Signup and view all the answers

Which statements are correct with regard to writing formulas for ionic compounds?

All of the above are correct. Signup and view all the answers

Which of these ions are important to processes within the human body?

Fe2+ Signup and view all the answers

In which consumer product would potassium chloride (KCl) be found?

Potassium supplement Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following are accurate descriptions of ionic compounds?

Ionic compounds, such as sodium chloride, exist in an orderly crystal lattice. Signup and view all the answers

Fill in the blanks to provide the correct name for each ion below. Include the element name and charge where appropriate. Do not capitalize the element name.

calcium, aluminium, iron, ferric, lead, plumbic Signup and view all the answers

In ionic compounds, metals form __, whereas nonmetals form . For a main group element, the charge of its ion can be determined from the _ number.

cations, anions, group Signup and view all the answers

Match each ionic compound to the consumer product in which it can be commonly found.

Potassium iodide = Added to table salt Zinc oxide = Sunscreen Sodium fluoride = Toothpaste Signup and view all the answers

What suffix is used when naming an anion formed from a nonmetal?

-ide Signup and view all the answers

Give the correct, systematic name for each ion below.

barium, cesium, cuprous, stannous Signup and view all the answers

Which of the chemical formulas below appear with their correct, systematic names?

potassium oxide = K2O sodium hydride = NaH Signup and view all the answers

When is a Roman numeral used in the name of an ionic compound?

When the cation is a metal that can have a variable charge Signup and view all the answers

True or false: When a nonmetal forms an anion, the name of the anion is the same as the element from which it was formed.

False Signup and view all the answers

Give the correct, systematic name for the compound Mg3N2.

magnesium, nitrate Signup and view all the answers

Correctly order the steps used in naming an ionic compound with a given formula.

Write the name of the ionic compound by writing the name of the cation first, then the anion. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following are steps in deriving the formula of an ionic compound from its name?

Decide how many units of each ion are needed to balance the charges and make a neutral compound. Signup and view all the answers

Place subscripts in the blanks to give the correct formula for aluminum sulfide.

2, 3 Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of most ionic compounds?

Relatively low boiling point Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following formulas represent polyatomic ions?

H3O+ Signup and view all the answers

True or false: In writing the formula of an ionic compound, cations and anions must combine in a ratio such that the sum of all charges in the formula equals zero.

True Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct formula for the hydronium ion?

H3O+ Signup and view all the answers

Give the formula for each of the compounds below. iron(III) chloride, tin(IV) oxide, mercury(II) sulfide

SnO2 Signup and view all the answers

Ionic compounds generally have _ boiling points and _ melting points.

high, high Signup and view all the answers

The names of several anions that contain sulfur are given below. Match each name with its correct formula.

Sulfate = SO42- Bisulfate = HSO4- Sulfite = SO32- Sulfide = S2- Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements accurately describe polyatomic ions?

A polyatomic ion is a cation or anion that contains more than one atom. Signup and view all the answers

The ammonium ion contains one nitrogen atom, _ hydrogen atoms, and has a charge of _.

4, 1 Signup and view all the answers

Correctly order the steps followed in writing the formula of an ionic compound containing a polyatomic ion.

If more than one unit of a polyatomic ion is needed, place parentheses around the polyatomic ion. Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the polyatomic ion with the formula NO2-?

nitrite ion Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following formulas of compounds containing polyatomic ions are correctly written?

MgSO3 Signup and view all the answers

Give the correct, systematic name for the compound Fe2(SO3)3.

ferric sulfite Signup and view all the answers

When are parentheses used in writing the formula of an ionic compound?

When a subscript must be used with a polyatomic ion Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Chemical Bonding

Valence electrons are the primary participants in bonding.
Bonding generally leads to the formation of more stable species than the original atoms.

Types of Chemical Bonds

Ionic Bond: Results from electrical attraction due to electron transfer between atoms.
Covalent Bond: Involves the sharing of electrons between two atoms.

Substance Classification

Covalent Substances: CH4, Cl2
Ionic Substances: FeCl3

Charged Particles

Cation: More protons than electrons, leading to a positive charge.
Anion: More electrons than protons, giving a negative charge.
Neutral Atom: Equal numbers of protons and electrons.

Ion Symbols and Their Descriptions

La³⁺: 57 protons, 54 electrons
I⁻: 53 protons, 54 electrons
Cs⁺: 55 protons, 54 electrons
La⁺: 57 protons, 56 electrons

Electron Transfer in Bonding

Atoms may gain, lose, or share electrons to reach a stable noble gas configuration.

Ionic and Covalent Bonds

Ionic bonds involve electron transfer and formation of charged particles.
Covalent bonds are characterized by electron sharing.

Octet Rule

Atoms tend to gain or lose electrons to achieve eight electrons in their outermost shell.

Ionic Compound Formulas

Examples of ionic compounds include MgO and K₂O.

Ion Nomenclature

Cations are positively charged, while anions are negatively charged.
The symbol for an atom with 11 protons and 10 electrons is Na⁺.

Variables in Ion Formation

Main group elements strive to have a stable configuration similar to noble gases.
Group 6A nonmetals typically form -2 ions.

Charges of Elements

Sodium (Na) and Lithium (Li) can form ions with the same charge.
Metals typically form cations; nonmetals form anions.
Main group metals have charges equal to their group number.

Variable Charge Metals

Metals with variable charges can be found in groups such as 4A and transition metals.

Human Body Ions

Important ions include Cl⁻, Na⁺, and Fe²⁺, which play significant roles in physiological functions.

Potassium Chloride (KCl)

Found in potassium supplements, highlighting its utility in nutrition.

Characteristics of Ionic Compounds

Ionic compounds form orderly crystal lattices and must have a net charge of zero.

Steps for Naming and Writing Formulas

Naming involves determining the cation’s charge, naming it (with Roman numerals if necessary), followed by the anion.
When writing formulas, identify cation and anion, balance charges, and use subscripts appropriately.
Use parentheses when a polyatomic ion requires a subscript.

Properties of Ionic Compounds

They exhibit high melting and boiling points, demonstrating strong intermolecular forces.

Polyatomic Ions

Defined as ions containing two or more atoms, which are covalently bonded.
Common polyatomic ions include sulfate (SO₄²⁻), sulfite (SO₃²⁻), and ammonium (NH₄⁺).

Systematic Naming

The systematic names of compounds must reflect their ionic compositions, such as ferric sulfite for Fe₂(SO₃)₃.

Charge Balancing in Compounds

Neutral compounds require a specific ratio of ammonium to carbonate ions to achieve charge balance, exemplified by 2 ammonium ions for every 1 carbonate ion.

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Description

Test your understanding of ionic compounds and chemical bonding with this quiz. You will match definitions, select correct statements, and deepen your grasp on the fundamentals of ionic interactions. Perfect for students studying chemistry at the high school level.