Psychology condense p 91-97 McDonaldization and Bureaucracy Principles

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is NOT a factor considered by social epidemiology when examining health disparities?

Religious Affiliation (correct)

Income Distribution

Race

Gender

What is the primary focus of the 'illness experience' concept within sociology?

The effectiveness of different medical treatments for various illnesses

The biological mechanisms underlying disease progression

The historical development of medical knowledge and practices

The emotional and social impact of illness on individuals (correct)

What is the main critique of the current healthcare system, according to the text?

The healthcare system is too slow to adapt to new medical discoveries and treatments

The healthcare system is too heavily reliant on technology and not enough on human interaction

The healthcare system is too focused on individual behavior and ignores societal factors affecting health

Lack of access to preventative care leads to higher healthcare costs in the long run (correct)

What is the defining characteristic of medicalization?

The transformation of normal human experiences into medical conditions requiring treatment Signup and view all the answers

The concept of the 'sick role' suggests that individuals who are ill are expected to:

Be excused from certain responsibilities and receive care Signup and view all the answers

What is the main idea behind the 'functionalist' perspective on society?

Society is a system of interconnected parts, each contributing to overall stability Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best exemplifies the concept of a 'social fact' according to the text?

The belief in the importance of education Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of the 'delivery of healthcare' concept, as discussed in the text?

The financial and social inequalities in healthcare access Signup and view all the answers

What is one potential negative consequence of the division of labor in an ideal bureaucracy?

Increased alienation among workers Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristic of an ideal bureaucracy allows for the clear understanding of authority?

Hierarchy of organization Signup and view all the answers

What is a disadvantage of employing strict written rules and regulations in an organization?

They can lead to goal displacement Signup and view all the answers

What can be a consequence of impersonality in bureaucratic settings?

Discouraged loyalty to the group Signup and view all the answers

How does employment based on technical qualifications benefit organizations?

Decreases discrimination in hiring Signup and view all the answers

What phenomenon describes the tendency for employees to be promoted until they reach their level of incompetence?

Peter Principle Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the core principles of McDonaldization that has influenced other sectors beyond fast food?

Efficiency in service delivery Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a pro of having a hierarchy in an organization?

Encourages employee input in decision-making Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary factor influencing foraging behavior in animals?

Genetics Signup and view all the answers

Which foraging strategy allows animals to take down larger prey?

Group foraging Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary benefit of random mating in a population?

Increases genetic diversity Signup and view all the answers

What is the potential downside of assortative mating?

Increased risk of inbreeding Signup and view all the answers

What mating strategy is characterized by individuals with diverse traits mating more frequently?

Disassortative mating Signup and view all the answers

Inclusive fitness takes into account which of the following?

Support provided by offspring to each other Signup and view all the answers

What does evolutionary game theory suggest about survival and reproduction?

Those best fit to their environment will survive and pass on genes Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes mating behavior?

Includes pre-mating and post-mating behaviors Signup and view all the answers

What aspect does macrosociology primarily focus on?

Large-scale social phenomena Signup and view all the answers

How does evolutionary game theory differ from classical game theory?

Players might not make choices based on conscious intention Signup and view all the answers

Which theory in macrosociology emphasizes the stability of societal institutions?

Functionalism Signup and view all the answers

What do social institutions do within society?

Impose structure on how individuals behave Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes microsociology?

Interpretive analysis of individual interactions Signup and view all the answers

What does conflict theory suggest about societal institutions?

They perpetuate inequalities among powerful and less powerful groups Signup and view all the answers

What is intention reasoning in the context of game theory?

Predicting others' moves based on knowledge of their motivations Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following examples aligns with symbolic interactionism?

Evaluating the effects of family dynamics on individual behavior Signup and view all the answers

What is meant by the term 'hidden curriculum' in the context of education?

The informal social skills and norms learned in school. Signup and view all the answers

How does educational segregation occur?

By funding schools based on property taxes. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary emphasis of nuclear families in urban settings?

Consumption and strain. Signup and view all the answers

What impact do teacher expectations have on student learning?

They often lead to students meeting or failing to meet expectations. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes the common structure of family in contemporary society?

Small nuclear families are often emphasized. Signup and view all the answers

Why can categorization of students by teachers be problematic?

It can limit students' potential based on incorrect assumptions. Signup and view all the answers

What is a common reason for divorce in modern society?

Cultural shifts towards individualism. Signup and view all the answers

What kinds of abuse can occur within a family structure?

Both physical and psychological abuse can occur. Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes a cult compared to other religious organizations?

It rejects societal values and is often short-lived. Signup and view all the answers

Which form of government is characterized by the concentration of power in a single ruler?

Monarchy Signup and view all the answers

What is a key trait of capitalism?

Private ownership of production with market-driven economy. Signup and view all the answers

What does secularization refer to in the context of religion?

The decline of religious involvement and influence on society. Signup and view all the answers

Which social structure is typically formed in response to dissatisfaction with an established church?

Sect Signup and view all the answers

In which system does ownership of all property exist collectively within the community?

Socialism Signup and view all the answers

What does fundamentalism propose in reaction to secularization?

Strict adherence to original religious doctrines. Signup and view all the answers

What aspect of labor division does functionalism highlight?

Labor division contributes to inequalities based on access to valued professions. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

McDonaldization

Fast-food organizations influence other sectors
Key principles: efficiency, calculability, predictability, and control
These principles affect various areas like medicine, entertainment, and more

Max Weber's Ideal Bureaucracy

Sociologist Max Weber studied organizational structures.
5 key characteristics:
- Division of labor: workers specialized in specific tasks (pros: increased efficiency, cons: alienation)
- Hierarchy of organization: clear chain of command (pros: clarity in who's in charge, cons: stifling of voices, cover-up)
- Written rules and regulations: clear expectations and uniform performance, (pros: clear expectations, equal treatment cons: decreased creativity, initiative stifling)
- Impersonality: impartial treatment of individuals and goal-driven (pros: equal treatment, cons: diminished loyalty and individuality)
- Employment based on technical qualifications: hiring based on merit, not on favoritism (pros: decrease discrimination and bias, cons: lack of diversity)

Animal Communication

Humans communicate with language and non-verbal cues.
Animals use various cues, including visual, vocal, and chemical signals, to communicate
Animals communicate with members of their own species or other species.
Different types of animal communication: auditory (sound), chemical (pheromones), tactile (touch), visual, seismic(earthquakes).

Animal Behavior: Foraging

Foraging is the search for food.
Animals weigh costs and benefits of foraging. Food can be scarce.
Two types of foraging strategies:
- Solitary foraging
- Group foraging (potentially enhances opportunities to target larger prey)

Mating Behavior

Mating involves pairing and the process of reproduction.
Strategies include:
- Random mating: equal chance of mating with any individual
- Assortative mating: individuals with similar characteristics mate more frequently (can increase genetic similarity)
- Disassortative mating occurs when individuals with diverse traits mate more frequently.

Inclusive Fitness

Animals prioritize the survival and reproduction of family members.
Passing on genes influences fitness, and behaviors.

Evolutionary Game Theory

Understanding decision-making and behavior through evolutionary context.
Animal behaviors related to reproduction, strategy, and resources.

Macrosociology: large-scale social trends (e.g., poverty, war).
Microsociology: small-scale social interactions (e.g., doctor-patient interactions).
Symbolic interactionism: how people give meaning to symbols.
Social institutions: major entities like schools, religion, or government, that impact people.

Education, Family, Religion, Government, and Economy are essential social institutions.
Institutions influence individuals and society's evolution.

Healthcare and Medicine

Medicalization: Normal human conditions become medical issues.
The "sick role": societal expectations regarding being sick.
Delivery of healthcare: variations in access.
Social factors influences health status, social classes, etc.

Societal norms and values that are external to individuals.
These exert a coercive effect on individuals over time.
Manifest functions: intended consequences of social institutions
Latent functions: unintended consequences of social institutions.
Social dysfunction: an aspect of society that creates issues, with a negative impact and reduce stability of society.

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Description

Explore the impact of McDonaldization on various sectors and how it aligns with Max Weber's ideal bureaucracy concepts. This quiz delves into efficiency, calculability, and the key characteristics of organizational structure, presenting a nuanced view of modern influences and challenges.