Psychology condense p 91-97 McDonaldization and Bureaucracy Principles
48 Questions
1 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to Lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

Which of the following is NOT a factor considered by social epidemiology when examining health disparities?

  • Religious Affiliation (correct)
  • Income Distribution
  • Race
  • Gender

What is the primary focus of the 'illness experience' concept within sociology?

  • The effectiveness of different medical treatments for various illnesses
  • The biological mechanisms underlying disease progression
  • The historical development of medical knowledge and practices
  • The emotional and social impact of illness on individuals (correct)

What is the main critique of the current healthcare system, according to the text?

  • The healthcare system is too slow to adapt to new medical discoveries and treatments
  • The healthcare system is too heavily reliant on technology and not enough on human interaction
  • The healthcare system is too focused on individual behavior and ignores societal factors affecting health
  • Lack of access to preventative care leads to higher healthcare costs in the long run (correct)

What is the defining characteristic of medicalization?

<p>The transformation of normal human experiences into medical conditions requiring treatment (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The concept of the 'sick role' suggests that individuals who are ill are expected to:

<p>Be excused from certain responsibilities and receive care (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main idea behind the 'functionalist' perspective on society?

<p>Society is a system of interconnected parts, each contributing to overall stability (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best exemplifies the concept of a 'social fact' according to the text?

<p>The belief in the importance of education (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of the 'delivery of healthcare' concept, as discussed in the text?

<p>The financial and social inequalities in healthcare access (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one potential negative consequence of the division of labor in an ideal bureaucracy?

<p>Increased alienation among workers (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristic of an ideal bureaucracy allows for the clear understanding of authority?

<p>Hierarchy of organization (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a disadvantage of employing strict written rules and regulations in an organization?

<p>They can lead to goal displacement (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can be a consequence of impersonality in bureaucratic settings?

<p>Discouraged loyalty to the group (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does employment based on technical qualifications benefit organizations?

<p>Decreases discrimination in hiring (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What phenomenon describes the tendency for employees to be promoted until they reach their level of incompetence?

<p>Peter Principle (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the core principles of McDonaldization that has influenced other sectors beyond fast food?

<p>Efficiency in service delivery (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a pro of having a hierarchy in an organization?

<p>Encourages employee input in decision-making (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary factor influencing foraging behavior in animals?

<p>Genetics (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which foraging strategy allows animals to take down larger prey?

<p>Group foraging (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary benefit of random mating in a population?

<p>Increases genetic diversity (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the potential downside of assortative mating?

<p>Increased risk of inbreeding (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What mating strategy is characterized by individuals with diverse traits mating more frequently?

<p>Disassortative mating (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Inclusive fitness takes into account which of the following?

<p>Support provided by offspring to each other (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does evolutionary game theory suggest about survival and reproduction?

<p>Those best fit to their environment will survive and pass on genes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes mating behavior?

<p>Includes pre-mating and post-mating behaviors (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What aspect does macrosociology primarily focus on?

<p>Large-scale social phenomena (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does evolutionary game theory differ from classical game theory?

<p>Players might not make choices based on conscious intention (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which theory in macrosociology emphasizes the stability of societal institutions?

<p>Functionalism (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do social institutions do within society?

<p>Impose structure on how individuals behave (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes microsociology?

<p>Interpretive analysis of individual interactions (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does conflict theory suggest about societal institutions?

<p>They perpetuate inequalities among powerful and less powerful groups (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is intention reasoning in the context of game theory?

<p>Predicting others' moves based on knowledge of their motivations (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following examples aligns with symbolic interactionism?

<p>Evaluating the effects of family dynamics on individual behavior (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is meant by the term 'hidden curriculum' in the context of education?

<p>The informal social skills and norms learned in school. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does educational segregation occur?

<p>By funding schools based on property taxes. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary emphasis of nuclear families in urban settings?

<p>Consumption and strain. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What impact do teacher expectations have on student learning?

<p>They often lead to students meeting or failing to meet expectations. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes the common structure of family in contemporary society?

<p>Small nuclear families are often emphasized. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why can categorization of students by teachers be problematic?

<p>It can limit students' potential based on incorrect assumptions. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common reason for divorce in modern society?

<p>Cultural shifts towards individualism. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What kinds of abuse can occur within a family structure?

<p>Both physical and psychological abuse can occur. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes a cult compared to other religious organizations?

<p>It rejects societal values and is often short-lived. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which form of government is characterized by the concentration of power in a single ruler?

<p>Monarchy (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key trait of capitalism?

<p>Private ownership of production with market-driven economy. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does secularization refer to in the context of religion?

<p>The decline of religious involvement and influence on society. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which social structure is typically formed in response to dissatisfaction with an established church?

<p>Sect (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which system does ownership of all property exist collectively within the community?

<p>Socialism (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does fundamentalism propose in reaction to secularization?

<p>Strict adherence to original religious doctrines. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What aspect of labor division does functionalism highlight?

<p>Labor division contributes to inequalities based on access to valued professions. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Foraging

The process by which animals find and consume food.

Solitary Foraging

A foraging strategy where animals hunt and gather food alone.

Group Foraging

A foraging strategy where animals hunt and gather food together.

Mating

The pairing of opposite sex organisms for reproduction.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Random Mating

All individuals have an equal chance of mating, regardless of factors like environment, heredity, or social standing.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Assortative Mating

Non-random mating where individuals with similar traits mate more frequently.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Disassortative Mating

Non-random mating where individuals with different traits mate more frequently.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Inclusive Fitness

A measure of an organism's reproductive success, taking into account the number of offspring, support provided to offspring, and offspring support for each other.

Signup and view all the flashcards

McDonaldization

A set of principles emphasizing efficiency, predictability, calculability, and control, often found in fast food chains and applied to other organizations.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Ideal Bureaucracy

A type of organization characterized by a hierarchical structure, division of labor, written rules, impersonality, and hiring based on technical qualifications.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Division of Labour

The act of assigning specific tasks to individuals within an organization, leading to increased efficiency but potentially causing alienation and limited understanding of the overall workflow.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Hierarchy of Organization

A hierarchical structure in organizations where each position is subject to the supervision of higher authorities, ensuring clear lines of command but potentially limiting employee input and accountability.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Written Rules and Regulations

Formal regulations and procedures in an organization offering clear expectations, uniform performance, and equal treatment for all employees but potentially stifling creativity and promoting goal displacement.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Impersonality

A bureaucratic principle emphasizing unbiased and impartial conduct in organizational activities, leading to equal treatment but possibly resulting in alienation and lack of loyalty.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Technical Qualifications for Hiring

Hiring practices in bureaucracies based on individuals' qualifications and skills, reducing discrimination but potentially decreasing individual ambition and leading to the Peter Principle.

Signup and view all the flashcards

The Peter Principle

A phenomenon where individuals within a hierarchy are promoted until they reach a position where they are incompetent.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Game Theory

The strategy of each individual depends on the strategy exhibited by other players. It involves intention reasoning about the behaviors of others, but in evolutionary game theory, decisions might not be conscious intentions.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Selfish Group

A group of monkeys that don't alert others of predators, potentially leading to their own survival but ultimately harming the group.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Non-Selfish Group

A group of monkeys that alert others to predators, even at their own risk, leading to the overall survival of the group.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Macrosociology

Analyzing society from a large-scale perspective focusing on the impact of social structures and institutions on entire populations.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Microsociology

Analyzing society at a small scale, examining face-to-face interactions and how individual behaviors affect social groups.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Functionalism

A theory that interprets society as a system of interconnected institutions working to maintain stability and order.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Conflict Theory

A theory that analyzes society through the lens of conflict and power dynamics between different groups.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Symbolic Interactionism

A micro-sociological theory focusing on the meaning individuals give to objects, symbols, and interactions in their lives.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What is an ecclesia?

A dominant religious organization that includes most members of society. Examples include Lutheranism in Sweden or Islam in Iran.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What are churches?

Established religious bodies in a larger society, often with a formal structure and organizational hierarchy.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What are sects?

Smaller religious groups that are established in protest of an established church. They often break away from churches due to doctrinal differences or disagreements.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What are cults?

Radical religious groups that often reject values of the outside society. They are often led by a charismatic leader and tend to be short-lived.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What is secularization?

The process of weakening the social and political power of religious organizations as religious involvement declines.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What is fundamentalism?

A reaction to secularization, marked by a return to strict religious beliefs and practices. It can lead to social problems when taken to extremes.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What is a monarchy?

A system of government where power is held by one person, often a king or queen, who is the figurehead of the state.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What is a democracy?

A system of government where the people hold the power and elect representatives to make decisions on their behalf.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Social Institutions

Social structures, institutions, or organizations that are crucial for the function and stability of society. They persist beyond individual members and often serve as the framework for social interactions, providing rules, norms, and expectations.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Hidden Curriculum

An informal set of values, beliefs, and behaviors that are learned within an institution, often alongside the explicit curriculum. It can include things like how to interact with authority, how to manage time, and how to compete with others.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Educational Segregation

The unequal distribution of educational resources and opportunities. It often stems from differences in funding allocation based on property taxes, leading to disparities in school quality and student outcomes.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Family

The blending of different family structures and forms, encompassing marriage, blood ties, adoption, and other forms of kinship.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Marriage

The legal union of two individuals, often recognized by society as a formal commitment. It has evolved to encompass serial monogamy, with multiple marriages and divorces becoming increasingly common.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Divorce

The legal termination of a marriage, which is increasingly common, often due to changing societal values and the rising expectations for personal fulfillment within relationships.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Child Neglect

A form of abuse where a child's basic physical, emotional, or educational needs are neglected, resulting in harm or developmental setbacks.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Elder Abuse

A form of abuse where an elderly person is mistreated or exploited by a family member or caregiver, often due to the caregiver's inability to handle the demands of caregiving or the financial burden associated with elder care.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Large-scale perspective

A method of looking at society from a wide lens, focusing on how different parts contribute to its stability and order.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Social facts

Concepts, beliefs, and practices that exist independently of individuals and guide their behavior. These norms exist before any individual and will remain even after them.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Institutions

Structured organizations designed to fulfill specific societal needs, like education, finance, law, etc.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Medicalization

The process of defining normal human conditions as medical problems, leading to their study, diagnosis, and treatment. This can lead to over-diagnosis.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Sick role

Society's expectation that allows individuals to take a break from responsibilities when ill. However, prolonged illness can lead to social deviance.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Delivery of healthcare

The unequal access to healthcare based on factors like income, age, or insurance status. This can leave those in the working age group underserved.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Social epidemiology

The study of how social factors like income, race, gender, and social class affect health outcomes and disease patterns.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Study Notes

McDonaldization

  • Fast-food organizations influence other sectors
  • Key principles: efficiency, calculability, predictability, and control
  • These principles affect various areas like medicine, entertainment, and more

Max Weber's Ideal Bureaucracy

  • Sociologist Max Weber studied organizational structures.
  • 5 key characteristics:
    • Division of labor: workers specialized in specific tasks (pros: increased efficiency, cons: alienation)
    • Hierarchy of organization: clear chain of command (pros: clarity in who's in charge, cons: stifling of voices, cover-up)
    • Written rules and regulations: clear expectations and uniform performance, (pros: clear expectations, equal treatment cons: decreased creativity, initiative stifling)
    • Impersonality: impartial treatment of individuals and goal-driven (pros: equal treatment, cons: diminished loyalty and individuality)
    • Employment based on technical qualifications: hiring based on merit, not on favoritism (pros: decrease discrimination and bias, cons: lack of diversity)

Animal Communication

  • Humans communicate with language and non-verbal cues.
  • Animals use various cues, including visual, vocal, and chemical signals, to communicate
  • Animals communicate with members of their own species or other species.
  • Different types of animal communication: auditory (sound), chemical (pheromones), tactile (touch), visual, seismic(earthquakes).

Animal Behavior: Foraging

  • Foraging is the search for food.
  • Animals weigh costs and benefits of foraging. Food can be scarce.
  • Two types of foraging strategies:
    • Solitary foraging
    • Group foraging (potentially enhances opportunities to target larger prey)

Mating Behavior

  • Mating involves pairing and the process of reproduction.
  • Strategies include:
    • Random mating: equal chance of mating with any individual
    • Assortative mating: individuals with similar characteristics mate more frequently (can increase genetic similarity)
    • Disassortative mating occurs when individuals with diverse traits mate more frequently.

Inclusive Fitness

  • Animals prioritize the survival and reproduction of family members.
  • Passing on genes influences fitness, and behaviors.

Evolutionary Game Theory

  • Understanding decision-making and behavior through evolutionary context.
  • Animal behaviors related to reproduction, strategy, and resources.

Society and Social Structures

  • Macrosociology: large-scale social trends (e.g., poverty, war).
  • Microsociology: small-scale social interactions (e.g., doctor-patient interactions).
  • Symbolic interactionism: how people give meaning to symbols.
  • Social institutions: major entities like schools, religion, or government, that impact people.

Social Institutions (Education, Family, Religion, Government, Economy)

  • Education, Family, Religion, Government, and Economy are essential social institutions.
  • Institutions influence individuals and society's evolution.

Healthcare and Medicine

  • Medicalization: Normal human conditions become medical issues.
  • The "sick role": societal expectations regarding being sick.
  • Delivery of healthcare: variations in access.
  • Social factors influences health status, social classes, etc.

Social Facts

  • Societal norms and values that are external to individuals.
  • These exert a coercive effect on individuals over time.
  • Manifest functions: intended consequences of social institutions
  • Latent functions: unintended consequences of social institutions.
  • Social dysfunction: an aspect of society that creates issues, with a negative impact and reduce stability of society.

Studying That Suits You

Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

Quiz Team

Related Documents

Psychology: Condense of Pages 91-97 PDF

Description

Explore the impact of McDonaldization on various sectors and how it aligns with Max Weber's ideal bureaucracy concepts. This quiz delves into efficiency, calculability, and the key characteristics of organizational structure, presenting a nuanced view of modern influences and challenges.

More Like This

Use Quizgecko on...
Browser
Open
Browser
Browser