Questions and Answers
What is self-efficacy?
The degree to which we see ourselves as being capable at a given skill or situation.
What does the BIG FIVE Trait Theories acronym OCEAN stand for?
What are the three clusters of personality disorders?
Cluster A: Paranoid, Schizotypal, Schizoid; Cluster B: Antisocial, Borderline, Histrionic, Narcissistic; Cluster C: Avoidant, Dependent, Obsessive-Compulsive.
What is the difference between Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease?
Signup and view all the answers
What are the four functional areas of attitudes according to Functional Attitudes Theory?
Signup and view all the answers
What are the three reasons for changing behaviors?
Signup and view all the answers
What are the key components of Weber's Ideal Bureaucracy?
Signup and view all the answers
What is inclusive fitness?
Signup and view all the answers
What is ambivalent attachment?
Signup and view all the answers
What is social capital?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the fundamental attribution error?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the actor-observer bias?
Signup and view all the answers
What happens to ethnic migrants compared to the population of industrialized nations?
Signup and view all the answers
What is urbanization?
Signup and view all the answers
What is social stratification?
Signup and view all the answers
What is anomie?
Signup and view all the answers
The number of stereoisomers is calculated by the formula 2^n, where n represents the number of ______.
Signup and view all the answers
The maximum number of electrons in terms of n is calculated as ______.
Signup and view all the answers
The maximum number of electrons in a subshell can be calculated using the formula ______.
Signup and view all the answers
How many steps are there in an Sn1 reaction?
Signup and view all the answers
What characterizes an Sn2 reaction?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following are examples of polar protic solvents? (Select all that apply)
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following are examples of polar aprotic solvents? (Select all that apply)
Signup and view all the answers
What is the alpha-carbon?
Signup and view all the answers
Esters are given the suffix ______.
Signup and view all the answers
What are anhydrides?
Signup and view all the answers
What does Strecker Synthesis generate?
Signup and view all the answers
What does Gabriel Synthesis generate?
Signup and view all the answers
What are the key peaks to know for Infrared Spectroscopy?
Signup and view all the answers
Study Notes
Self-efficacy
- Represents an individual's belief in their own capability to perform a specific task or handle a given situation.
BIG FIVE Trait Theories
- Acronym OCEAN encompasses five major personality traits:
- Openness: willingness to try new experiences
- Conscientiousness: level of organization and dependability
- Extraversion: sociability and assertiveness
- Agreeableness: tendency toward compassion and cooperation
- Neuroticism: emotional stability and reaction to stress
Personality Disorder Clusters
- Cluster A (Weird): includes Paranoid, Schizotypal, and Schizoid disorders.
- Cluster B (Wild): includes Antisocial, Borderline, Histrionic, and Narcissistic disorders.
- Cluster C (Worried): includes Avoidant, Dependent, and Obsessive-Compulsive disorders.
Alzheimer's vs. Parkinson's Disease
- Alzheimer's disease characterized by decreased acetylcholine levels.
- Parkinson's disease characterized by decreased dopamine levels.
Functional Attitudes Theory
- Identifies four functional areas of attitudes:
- Knowledge: how attitudes help in understanding the world
- Ego expression: how attitudes express one's self-concept
- Adaptability: how attitudes allow individuals to adjust to new situations
- Ego defense: how attitudes protect self-esteem
Reasons for Changing Behaviors
- Conformity: adapting beliefs or behaviors to align with a group.
- Compliance: changing behavior based on another's request.
- Obedience: altering behavior in response to direct commands from authorities.
Weber's Ideal Bureaucracy
- Features include:
- Division of labor: tasks divided into simple components.
- Hierarchy of authority: structured organizational levels.
- Written rules and regulations: established guidelines governing behavior.
- Impersonality: focus on roles rather than individual identities.
- Employment based on technical qualifications: selection grounded in abilities rather than personal connections.
Inclusive Fitness
- Measures an individual's success through the propagation of their genes and supporting offspring in reproducing.
Ambivalent Attachment
- Results from inconsistent caregiver responses, causing distress in children upon separation and ambivalence upon reunion.
Social Capital
- Involves cultivating and maintaining social relationships that provide mutual support within networks.
Fundamental Attribution Error
- Tendency to favor dispositional explanations over situational ones when assessing others' behavior.
Actor-Observer Bias
- People attribute their behaviors to situational factors while attributing others’ behaviors to character traits.
Ethnic Migrants
- Typically exhibit higher fertility and mortality rates compared to the native population of industrialized nations.
Urbanization
- Describes migration tendencies towards densely populated areas.
Social Stratification
- Describes society's categorization of people into hierarchical ranks based on various attributes.
Anomie
- Refers to societal breakdown characterized by lack of norms and weakened social bonds.
Chiral Centers and Stereoisomers
- The number of stereoisomers is represented as 2^n, where n is the number of chiral centers.
Maximum Electrons: Principal Quantum Number
- Formula: n = 2n² describes max electrons based on the principal quantum number.
Maximum Electrons in Subshell
- Formula: 4l + 2 defines the maximum number of electrons in a subshell based on its angular momentum quantum number l.
Sn1 Reaction
- A two-step mechanism:
- First step: Leaving group departs, forming a carbocation.
- Second step: Nucleophile attacks the planar carbocation, resulting in a racemic mixture of products.
Sn2 Reaction
- A single-step mechanism:
- Nucleophile attacks as the leaving group departs simultaneously.
- Backside attack leads to inversion of stereochemistry, favoring less substituted carbons.
Polar Protic Solvents
- Includes Acetic acid, H2O, ROH, NH3 known for their ability to solvate cations.
Polar Aprotic Solvents
- Includes DMF, DMSO, Acetone, Ethyl Acetate, which do not form hydrogen bonds with cations.
Alpha-carbon
- Defined as the carbon atom adjacent to a carbonyl group in organic compounds.
Esters
- Characterized by the suffix -oate, while cyclic esters are referred to as lactones.
Anhydrides
- Formed by the condensation of carboxylic acids, representing a common functional group.
Strecker Synthesis
- A method to synthesize amino acids by mixing an aldehyde with ammonium chloride (NH4Cl) and potassium cyanide.
Gabriel Synthesis
- Another pathway to produce amino acids using potassium phthalimide, diethyl bromomalonate, and an alkyl halide.
Infrared Spectroscopy
- Key peaks for MCAT reference: N-H peak appears around 3300 cm⁻¹, noted for its sharpness.
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Description
Test your knowledge of key psychology concepts for the MCAT with these flashcards. Covering topics like self-efficacy and the Big Five personality traits, this quiz will help you review essential definitions and theories. Perfect for students looking to strengthen their understanding of psychology.