MBBS Stage 1: Genes, Behaviour and Environment
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What is the primary role of evidence-based practice in clinical medicine?

  • To integrate the best available evidence with clinical expertise and patient values. (correct)
  • To implement traditional practices irrespective of new evidence.
  • To rely exclusively on outcomes from randomized controlled trials.
  • To prioritize patient preferences over clinical evidence.

    • Which of the following is NOT a key component of health informatics?

  • Electronic patient record
  • Patient Compliance Monitoring (correct)
  • Clinical Decision Support Systems
  • Big Data Technologies in Health

    • What does the term 'implementation science' primarily focus on?

  • The development of new clinical guidelines.
  • The training of healthcare professionals.
  • The methods to promote the systematic uptake of research findings into clinical practice. (correct)
  • The evaluation of healthcare policies.

    • Which organization is responsible for providing national guidance in health and care?

    <p>National Institute for Health and Care Excellence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant trend in modern clinical consultations?

    <p>Integration of electronic patient records into decision-making</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes precision medicine?

    <p>Tailoring medical treatment to the individual characteristics of each patient.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes big data in healthcare?

    <p>Large volumes of data that are difficult to process using traditional database management tools.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What fundamental change has occurred due to the advent of evidence-based medicine?

    <p>The move towards evidence as the basis for clinical decision-making.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What potential health risks might be associated with antibiotic use according to Armstrong et al.?

    <p>Increased risk of bowel carcinoma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the significant shifts in the healthcare paradigm mentioned in the content?

    <p>The development of personalized medicine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What aspect of healthcare is NICE primarily responsible for?

    <p>Providing national guidance on health promotion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organization was established first as a Special Authority before evolving into NICE?

    <p>National Institute for Clinical Excellence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What field studies the relationship between genes and drug responses?

    <p>Pharmacogenomics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How has the function of NICE evolved since its inception?

    <p>It expanded to cover social care in addition to health</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'precision medicine' aim to achieve in patient treatment?

    <p>Targeting treatment to specific patient characteristics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of governance did NICE transition to in 2013?

    <p>From a government department to a non-departmental public body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which stage in the evidence development process reflects the transition from anecdotal reports to more structured evidence?

    <p>High quality evidence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the four Vs that define big data?

    <p>Volume, Variety, Velocity, Veracity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which way do antibiotics potentially increase the risk of non-infectious diseases?

    <p>By disrupting the balance of the microbiome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does electronic patient record play in the context of big data?

    <p>It allows interrogation of a wide range of patient data.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which concept best describes the use of AI and machine learning within healthcare?

    <p>Learning Health System</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the hierarchy of evidence prioritize the strength of data sources?

    <p>From anecdotal reports to high-quality evidence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant challenge associated with traditional data processing software when dealing with big data?

    <p>Difficulty in managing large and complex data sets</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which element is crucial in assessing the potential effects of antibiotics on the microbiome?

    <p>The balance of bacterial composition within the bowel</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key principle underpinning evidence-based medicine as defined by Sackett and colleagues?

    <p>Incorporating patient preferences with scientific evidence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT one of the three fundamental precepts challenged by evidence-based medicine?

    <p>Personal belief systems guiding treatment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the phrase 'absence of evidence is not evidence of absence' imply in the context of evidence-based medicine?

    <p>Just because something hasn't been proven doesn't mean it cannot work</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the randomized controlled trial (RCT)?

    <p>A structured study that minimizes bias by random allocation of subjects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do randomized controlled trials serve in the hierarchy of evidence?

    <p>They are the gold standard for assessing treatment efficacy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement aligns with the caution against widely held opinions in the context of medical evidence?

    <p>Mainstream acceptance does not equate to the validity of the treatment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process is essential when transforming collected data into practical evidence?

    <p>Synthesizing information through rigorous testing and categorizing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement reflects an established practice that may be challenged by evidence-based medicine?

    <p>Cigarettes can alleviate symptoms of morning chest discomfort</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Evidence-Based Practice

    • Evidence-based medicine emphasizes the use of evidence for individualized patient care, challenging traditional notions of clinical freedom and established practices.
    • Developed by Sackett and colleagues at McMaster University, it promotes rigorous decision-making supported by evidence rather than solely physician experience.

    Hierarchy of Evidence

    • The hierarchy categorizes evidence, progressing from anecdotal experiences to high-quality randomized controlled trials (RCTs).
    • RCTs minimize bias by randomly assigning subjects to experimental and control groups, crucial for testing treatment effectiveness.

    Electronic Patient Record (EPR)

    • EPRs link prescriptions, diagnostic categories, and clinical decision support systems, enhancing patient care.
    • Allows for the analysis of vast patient data sets, driving insights into health trends and disease associations.

    Big Data in Health Informatics

    • Big data encompasses large, complex datasets characterized by greater variety, volume, velocity, and veracity—often unmanageable by traditional software.
    • Utilizes patient records for in-depth analysis, aiding in understanding relationships between treatments (e.g., antibiotics and non-infectious diseases).

    Implementation Science

    • Focuses on how to effectively integrate evidence-based practices into healthcare settings, addressing barriers to adoption.

    National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE)

    • NICE provides national guidance for health promotion, illness prevention, and treatment, evolving from its origins as the National Institute for Clinical Excellence.
    • Has expanded to include public health and social care guidance since becoming an independent body in 2013.

    Precision Medicine

    • Aims to tailor treatments to individual patients rather than populations, based on genetic and biomolecular insights.
    • Involves pharmacogenomics to understand how genetics influence drug responses, aiming to identify effective treatments for unique patient profiles.

    Context of Evidence

    • Highlights the importance of synthesizing diverse evidence sources, including perspectives from patients, researchers, and clinicians.
    • Signifies the fast-paced evolution of knowledge, particularly noted during crises like COVID-19.

    Clinical Decision Support Systems (CDSS)

    • These systems provide healthcare professionals with knowledge and patient-specific information to enhance decision-making in clinical practice.

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    Related Documents

    HIEBP Lecture 1 Introduction and Overview 2024 PDF

    Description

    This quiz covers essential concepts in Health Informatics and Evidence-Based Practice as part of MBBS Stage 1. You will explore the hierarchy of evidence in clinical practice, the role of electronic patient records, and key ideas in Precision Medicine. Enhance your understanding of implementation science and the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence.

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