Questions and Answers
What is the primary role of evidence-based practice in clinical medicine?
Which of the following is NOT a key component of health informatics?
What does the term 'implementation science' primarily focus on?
Which organization is responsible for providing national guidance in health and care?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a significant trend in modern clinical consultations?
Signup and view all the answers
What characterizes precision medicine?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following best describes big data in healthcare?
Signup and view all the answers
What fundamental change has occurred due to the advent of evidence-based medicine?
Signup and view all the answers
What potential health risks might be associated with antibiotic use according to Armstrong et al.?
Signup and view all the answers
What is one of the significant shifts in the healthcare paradigm mentioned in the content?
Signup and view all the answers
What aspect of healthcare is NICE primarily responsible for?
Signup and view all the answers
Which organization was established first as a Special Authority before evolving into NICE?
Signup and view all the answers
What field studies the relationship between genes and drug responses?
Signup and view all the answers
How has the function of NICE evolved since its inception?
Signup and view all the answers
What does 'precision medicine' aim to achieve in patient treatment?
Signup and view all the answers
What type of governance did NICE transition to in 2013?
Signup and view all the answers
Which stage in the evidence development process reflects the transition from anecdotal reports to more structured evidence?
Signup and view all the answers
What are the four Vs that define big data?
Signup and view all the answers
In which way do antibiotics potentially increase the risk of non-infectious diseases?
Signup and view all the answers
What role does electronic patient record play in the context of big data?
Signup and view all the answers
Which concept best describes the use of AI and machine learning within healthcare?
Signup and view all the answers
How does the hierarchy of evidence prioritize the strength of data sources?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a significant challenge associated with traditional data processing software when dealing with big data?
Signup and view all the answers
Which element is crucial in assessing the potential effects of antibiotics on the microbiome?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a key principle underpinning evidence-based medicine as defined by Sackett and colleagues?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following is NOT one of the three fundamental precepts challenged by evidence-based medicine?
Signup and view all the answers
What does the phrase 'absence of evidence is not evidence of absence' imply in the context of evidence-based medicine?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following best describes the randomized controlled trial (RCT)?
Signup and view all the answers
What role do randomized controlled trials serve in the hierarchy of evidence?
Signup and view all the answers
Which statement aligns with the caution against widely held opinions in the context of medical evidence?
Signup and view all the answers
Which process is essential when transforming collected data into practical evidence?
Signup and view all the answers
Which statement reflects an established practice that may be challenged by evidence-based medicine?
Signup and view all the answers
Study Notes
Evidence-Based Practice
- Evidence-based medicine emphasizes the use of evidence for individualized patient care, challenging traditional notions of clinical freedom and established practices.
- Developed by Sackett and colleagues at McMaster University, it promotes rigorous decision-making supported by evidence rather than solely physician experience.
Hierarchy of Evidence
- The hierarchy categorizes evidence, progressing from anecdotal experiences to high-quality randomized controlled trials (RCTs).
- RCTs minimize bias by randomly assigning subjects to experimental and control groups, crucial for testing treatment effectiveness.
Electronic Patient Record (EPR)
- EPRs link prescriptions, diagnostic categories, and clinical decision support systems, enhancing patient care.
- Allows for the analysis of vast patient data sets, driving insights into health trends and disease associations.
Big Data in Health Informatics
- Big data encompasses large, complex datasets characterized by greater variety, volume, velocity, and veracity—often unmanageable by traditional software.
- Utilizes patient records for in-depth analysis, aiding in understanding relationships between treatments (e.g., antibiotics and non-infectious diseases).
Implementation Science
- Focuses on how to effectively integrate evidence-based practices into healthcare settings, addressing barriers to adoption.
National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE)
- NICE provides national guidance for health promotion, illness prevention, and treatment, evolving from its origins as the National Institute for Clinical Excellence.
- Has expanded to include public health and social care guidance since becoming an independent body in 2013.
Precision Medicine
- Aims to tailor treatments to individual patients rather than populations, based on genetic and biomolecular insights.
- Involves pharmacogenomics to understand how genetics influence drug responses, aiming to identify effective treatments for unique patient profiles.
Context of Evidence
- Highlights the importance of synthesizing diverse evidence sources, including perspectives from patients, researchers, and clinicians.
- Signifies the fast-paced evolution of knowledge, particularly noted during crises like COVID-19.
Clinical Decision Support Systems (CDSS)
- These systems provide healthcare professionals with knowledge and patient-specific information to enhance decision-making in clinical practice.
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Description
This quiz covers essential concepts in Health Informatics and Evidence-Based Practice as part of MBBS Stage 1. You will explore the hierarchy of evidence in clinical practice, the role of electronic patient records, and key ideas in Precision Medicine. Enhance your understanding of implementation science and the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence.