Health Informatics & EBP

Questions and Answers

What best defines efficacy in the context of medical trials?

The power to produce a desired effect under ideal conditions (correct)

The ability to reach a broad patient population

The degree of success in real-world applications

The use of medications in a clinical setting

What characterizes the efficacy-effectiveness gap?

Differences in outcomes between RCTs and real-world trials (correct)

Effectiveness is determined only by randomized controlled trials

Efficacy is always less than effectiveness

Efficacy is irrelevant in clinical research

Which factor is NOT essential for achieving implementation of evidence in practice?

Preparation and planning

Conducting extensive randomized controlled trials (correct)

Effective communication

Availability of resources

Which statement accurately describes the nature of real-world trials compared to RCTs?

Real-world trials often include less stringent conditions for participants Signup and view all the answers

Which aspect is NOT a component of being prepared for implementation of evidence?

Effective time management Signup and view all the answers

How do efficacy and effectiveness differ in terms of their testing environments?

Efficacy testing focuses on ideal conditions and outcomes, while effectiveness considers real-world success Signup and view all the answers

What is the conclusion regarding the prescribing of amoxicillin for acute lower-respiratory-tract infection when pneumonia is not suspected?

It provides little benefit and causes slight harms. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT listed as an area of implementation for antibiotic prescribing?

Regional health departments Signup and view all the answers

Which factor is NOT considered a facilitator of effective implementation in antibiotic prescribing?

Disorganized work culture Signup and view all the answers

Which obstacle is associated with poor readiness to change in the context of antibiotic prescribing?

Disorganized work culture Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a professional group mentioned in improving antibiotic prescribing?

Primary care physicians Signup and view all the answers

What is a key implementation challenge mentioned regarding research evidence in healthcare?

Implementation of evidence to prevent harm from discredited treatments Signup and view all the answers

What is a key feature of Randomised Controlled Trials that contributes to accurate measurement of treatment effect?

Utilization of a control group Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following represents a limitation of Randomised Controlled Trials?

Suboptimal representation of real-world populations Signup and view all the answers

How do Real World Trials differ in their approach from Randomised Controlled Trials?

They have less restrictive recruitment criteria Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the main concerns linked to the prescribing of antibiotics for respiratory infections?

Increasing resistance in bacteria Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant factor contributing to the increasing demand for implementation science in research trials?

Research funders’ interest in timely implementation of treatments Signup and view all the answers

What outcome is associated with the inappropriate prescribing of antibiotics in hospitalized patients?

50,000 preventable deaths annually Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristic is NOT a strength of Randomised Controlled Trials?

High participant variability Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a common reason for patients being excluded from Randomised Controlled Trials?

Being in a high-risk category Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Learning Objectives

Understand the efficacy-effectiveness gap in healthcare practices.
Recognize the limitations of randomized controlled trials (RCTs).
Explore methods to achieve effective implementation of evidence-based practices.
Analyze reasons for failed implementation of evidence.

Efficacy vs. Effectiveness

Efficacy: The ability to produce a desired effect, best assessed through RCTs.
Effectiveness: The success of achieving a desired result in real-world settings, evaluated through real-world trials.

Efficacy-Effectiveness Gap

Describes discrepancies between outcomes in RCTs and real-world treatments.
RCTs are organized to create ideal conditions, while real-world trials involve more variability.

Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs)

Strengths:
- Reduce bias in treatment efficacy testing.
- Subjects randomly allocated into groups for treatment comparison.
- Control over variables leads to accurate treatment effects and high internal validity.
Limitations:
- Poor representation of older patients or those with multiple health issues.
- Strict eligibility can lead to skewed results that don’t reflect general patient populations.

Real World Trials

Feature less restrictive recruitment guidelines.
Enable participation of individuals who would be otherwise excluded, providing a more accurate reflection of real-world treatment effectiveness.

Implementation Science

Focuses on integrating research findings into routine clinical practice.
Research increasingly incorporates implementation components to expedite the application of successful treatments.

Antibiotic Prescribing

Concerns about effectiveness in treating respiratory infections.
Linked to benefits such as increased bacterial resistance and preventable deaths.
Associated costs and potential side effects.

Evidence from Trials

A significant study on amoxicillin for treating acute lower-respiratory-tract infections indicated minimal benefits in patients without pneumonia suspicion.
Highlights potential harms and a lack of effectiveness in older adults.

Implementation Challenges

Areas affected include individual clinicians, local healthcare groups, professional organizations, and broader societal levels.

Facilitators for Successful Implementation

Experienced leadership and detailed planning are crucial.
Engaging the team and prioritizing resource needs contribute significantly to effectiveness.

Barriers to Implementation

Management's lack of commitment and poor organizational culture hinder progress.
Resistance to change and ineffective team structures create further obstacles.

Ongoing Challenges

Applying research evidence remains critical for improving health outcomes and combating outdated medical practices.

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Description

This quiz explores the application of evidence in health informatics and evidence-based practice for MBBS Stage 1. It covers topics such as the efficacy-effectiveness gap, the limits of randomized controlled trials, and strategies for successful implementation of evidence in medical practice.

Health Informatics & EBP - MBBS Stage 1