Matter: Definition and Classification
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Questions and Answers

What is a defining characteristic of pure substances?

  • Have a unique set of physical properties (correct)
  • Consist of two or more components
  • Have indefinite composition
  • Can be separated by physical means

    • Which of the following is NOT a phase of matter?

  • Solid
  • Liquid
  • Gas
  • Element (correct)

    • What happens to the boiling point of a liquid when impurities are present?

  • It has no effect on the boiling point
  • It raises and widens (correct)
  • It becomes lower and narrower
  • It remains constant

    • Which change in matter is considered irreversible?

    <p>Burning wood (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes an impure substance?

    <p>Consists of two or more substances in varying composition (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of change is cutting wood classified as?

    <p>Physical change (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which criterion listed does NOT characterize purity in a chemical substance?

    <p>Chemical formula (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between physical and chemical changes?

    <p>Physical changes do not affect the atoms involved (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes a compound from a mixture?

    <p>Compounds are formed by chemically joining different elements. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a property of elements?

    <p>They can be classified into metals, non-metals, and metalloids. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which separation technique is used for removing solid impurities from a liquid?

    <p>Filtration (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main basis for separation techniques utilized in mixtures?

    <p>Physical properties of the individual constituents (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which technique is NOT used for separating miscible liquids?

    <p>Sublimation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of a separation technique for solid mixtures?

    <p>Sieving (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes a mixture?

    <p>A complex substance with components retaining their identities. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of evaporation to dryness in separation techniques?

    <p>To obtain the solid residue from a solution. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which element is an example of a gas at room temperature?

    <p>Oxygen (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between adsorption and absorption?

    <p>Adsorption occurs on the surface, while absorption involves internal uptake. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flashcards

    Matter definition

    Anything that has mass and occupies space (volume).

    Physical Classification of Matter

    Categorizing matter based on its physical state (solid, liquid, gas, plasma).

    Chemical Classification of Matter

    Categorizing matter based on its composition (pure substances, mixtures).

    Pure Substance

    Matter with a definite, fixed composition and homogenous components.

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    Impure Substance

    Matter with a varying composition made of multiple substances; a mixture.

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    Physical Change

    A change in matter's form or state without changing its chemical identity.

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    Chemical Change

    A change in matter that alters its chemical composition.

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    Purity Criteria

    Properties like density, boiling point, melting point, and freezing point used to determine purity.

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    Element

    A substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances, consisting of only one type of atom.

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    Compound

    A substance formed when two or more elements combine chemically.

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    Mixture

    A combination of two or more pure substances in which each substance retains its own properties.

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    Separation Techniques

    Physical methods used to isolate components of a mixture based on their different physical properties.

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    Sieving

    Separating substances based on particle size using a sieve.

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    Filtration

    Separating a solid from a liquid by using a filter.

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    Distillation

    Separating liquids based on their different boiling points.

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    Solubility

    The ability of one substance to dissolve in another.

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    Evaporation

    Separating a soluble solid from a solution by heating to vaporize the liquid.

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    Study Notes

    Matter: Definition and Classification

    • Matter is anything that has mass and occupies space (volume).
    • Matter can be seen or unseen. Examples include phones, air, and sand.
    • Matter is classified physically (by state) or chemically (by composition).

    Physical Classification of Matter

    • Solids, liquids, gases, and plasma are physical states of matter.

    Chemical Classification of Matter

    • Pure Substances:
      • Have a definite, uniform composition.
      • Components are homogenous (same phase).
      • Cannot be separated by physical means.
      • Have unique physical properties (e.g., melting point, boiling point, density).
      • Examples include elements and compounds.
    • Impure Substances (Mixtures):
      • Have a variable composition of two or more pure substances.
      • Constituents retain their individual properties.
      • Can be separated by physical methods.
      • Examples include alloys and various mixtures.

    Criteria for Purity of Substances

    • Density: Pure substances have a constant, defined density; impure substances have variable densities usually higher than expected.
    • Boiling Point: Pure liquids have a sharp boiling point with a narrow range; impurities raise the boiling point and widen the range.
    • Melting Point: Pure solids have a sharp melting point with a narrow range; impurities lower the melting point and widen the range.
    • Freezing Point: Pure liquids have a sharp freezing point; impurities lower the freezing point.

    Changes in Matter

    • Physical Changes: Alter the physical state or properties of matter; easily reversible. Examples include changes of state (boiling, melting, freezing), breaking objects, etc.
    • Chemical Changes: Alter the chemical properties of matter, forming new substances; often accompanied by energy changes; not easily reversible. Examples include rusting, souring milk.

    Elements, Compounds, and Mixtures

    • Elements: Substances that cannot be broken down into simpler substances; consist of one type of atom. Examples include hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen.

    • Compounds: Substances made from two or more elements chemically bonded together. Can only be separated by chemical changes. Examples include water (H₂O), calcium carbonate(CaCO3).

    • Mixtures: Substances made from two or more pure substances physically combined; components retain their identities; can be separated by physical methods. Examples include alloys, various blends and mixtures of substances.

    Separation Techniques

    • Separation techniques are physical methods used to isolate components of mixtures. Basis of these techniques are the differing physical properties of mixture components.

    Separation Techniques for Mixtures of Solids

    • Sieving
    • Sublimation
    • Magnetism

    Separation Techniques for Mixtures of Insoluble Solid and Liquid

    • Filtration
    • Decantation
    • Centrifugation

    Separation Techniques for Mixtures of Soluble Solid and Liquid

    • Evaporation to dryness
    • Crystallization
    • Fractional Crystallization
    • Precipitation
    • Simple Distillation

    Separation Techniques for Mixtures of Miscible Liquids

    • Simple Distillation
    • Fractional Distillation

    Separation Techniques for Mixtures of Immiscible Liquids

    • Separatory Funnel

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    Description

    This quiz explores the definition and classification of matter, including its physical and chemical classifications. Learn about the different states of matter, pure substances, and mixtures, and test your knowledge on the criteria for the purity of substances.

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