Matter and its Properties Quiz

Study Notes

Matter and its Properties

Matter is anything that has mass and volume and inertia.
Pure Substances consist of only one type of particle (atom or molecule). These can be elements or compounds.
Elements contain only one type of atom and cannot be broken down into simpler substances.
Compounds are single types of molecules formed from different types of atoms.
Mixtures are impure substances where two or more compounds are not chemically bonded together.
- Homogeneous Mixtures have evenly distributed particles, making the different particle types indistinguishable.
- Heterogeneous Mixtures have unevenly distributed particles, the different components can be observed.

Physical Properties

Qualitative physical properties can be observed and described but not measured:
- Color
- State (solid, liquid, gas)
- Texture
- Lustre (shininess)
- Optical clarity (transparency)
- Malleability (ability to be hammered into sheets)
- Ductility (ability to be drawn into wires)
Quantitative physical properties can be measured:
- Boiling point
- Melting point
- Height/length/width
- Viscosity (thickness, high viscosity = thicker like honey)
- Solubility (ability to dissolve, usually in water)
- Hardness (resistance to scratching)
- Conductivity (ability to conduct heat or electricity)
- Density (mass/volume, usually g/cm³)

Phase Changes

Phase changes involve transitions between states of matter:
- Sublimation: solid to gas
- Deposition: gas to solid
- Evaporation: liquid to gas
- Condensation: gas to liquid
- Melting: solid to liquid
- Freezing: liquid to solid

Calculations

Density (D) = Mass (M) / Volume (V)
Mass (M) = Density (D) * Volume (V)
Volume (V) = Mass (M) / Density (D)
Units matter! (e.g., g/cm³, g, cm³)

Chemical Properties

Chemical properties describe a substances ability to react with other substances to form new substances.
Examples include:
- Reactivity with oxygen (oxidation)
- Reactivity with acids/bases (acidity/basicity)
- Combustibility
- Stability
- Toxicity
- Flammability
- Radioactivity

Changes in Matter

Physical change: A change in appearance/state that doesn't form new substances. Usually reversible.
Chemical change: A change that forms one or more new substances. Usually not reversible.

Evidence of Chemical Change

Color change
Formation of a new solid (precipitate)
Production of a gas (bubbling, odor change)
Production of a new odor
Absorption or release of heat/light (energy change)
Difficulty reversing the change

Types of Chemical Reactions

Synthesis: Two or more substances combine to form a more complex substance (A + B → AB).
Decomposition: A complex substance breaks down into simpler substances (AB → A + B).
Single Displacement: One element replaces another element in a compound (AC + B → BC + A).
Double Displacement: Two elements in different compounds switch places (AC + BD → AD + BC)
Combustion: A substance reacts with oxygen, frequently producing energy, CO2, and Water (CH₄ + 2O₂ → CO₂ + 2H₂O). (Complete vs Incomplete) (Multiple examples provided)
Neutralization: An acid and base react to form a salt and water, often resulting in a pH closer to neutral (HA + BOH → AB + HOH). (Multiple examples provided)

Description

Test your knowledge on matter and its properties, including pure substances, mixtures, and physical properties. This quiz will help you understand the distinctions between elements, compounds, and different types of mixtures. Challenge yourself with questions on qualitative physical properties and more.