Matter and its Properties Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What defines a pure substance?

  • Can contain multiple types of particles
  • Contains only one type of particle (correct)
  • Is made of different types of molecules
  • Is always a mixture

Which phase change occurs when a liquid turns into a gas?

  • Condensation
  • Evaporation (correct)
  • Sublimation
  • Melting

What property would you measure to determine the resistance of a substance to being scratched?

  • Density
  • Malleability
  • Viscosity
  • Hardness (correct)

What is the role of temperature in particle motion?

<p>Higher temperature causes particles to move faster (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes a heterogeneous mixture?

<p>Particles are unevenly distributed and distinguishable (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the formula to calculate density?

<p>D = M/V (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a qualitative physical property?

<p>Color (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What chemical property involves a substance's reaction to oxygen?

<p>Oxidation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of a chemical change?

<p>It produces new substances. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following represents a synthesis reaction?

<p>Fe + O2 → Fe2O3 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which event is NOT evidence of a chemical change?

<p>Paper is ripped. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes complete combustion from incomplete combustion?

<p>Complete combustion produces only CO2 and H2O. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In a neutralization reaction, which products are typically formed?

<p>Salt and water (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of a decomposition reaction?

<p>CaCO3 → CaO + CO2 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens in a single displacement reaction?

<p>A more reactive element replaces a less reactive element in a compound. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What defines a double displacement reaction?

<p>Reactants exchange ions to form two new compounds. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Chemical Change

A change where one or more new substances are formed.

Reversible Change

A change that can be reversed, usually by physical means.

Synthesis

A type of chemical change where two or more simpler substances combine to form a more complex substance.

Decomposition

A type of chemical change where a complex substance breaks down into simpler substances.

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Single Displacement

A chemical reaction where a more reactive metal replaces a less reactive metal in a compound.

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Double Displacement

A chemical reaction where the positive ions of two compounds swap places to form two new compounds.

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Combustion

A chemical reaction where a substance reacts with oxygen to produce energy, carbon dioxide, and water.

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Neutralization

A reaction between an acid and a base that produces salt and water.

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Particle Theory of Matter

All matter is composed of tiny particles (atoms or molecules) that are constantly moving and have empty space between them.

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Pure Substance

A pure substance contains only one type of particle. Elements are made of only one type of atom, while compounds are made of molecules containing different types of atoms.

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Mixture

A mixture combines two or more substances that are not chemically bonded. Homogeneous mixtures have evenly distributed particles, while heterogeneous mixtures have unevenly distributed particles.

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Qualitative Physical Property

A property that can be observed or described without measuring, such as color, state (solid, liquid, gas), texture, or shininess.

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Quantitative Physical Property

A property that can be measured and expressed numerically, such as boiling point, melting point, density, or hardness.

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Chemical Property

The ability of a substance to react with another substance to form new substances. For example, oxidation is the reaction with oxygen, and flammability is the ability to burn in air.

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Physical Change

A change in appearance or state of matter that does not result in a new substance being formed. For example, water freezing into ice or cutting a piece of paper.

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Solubility

The ability of a substance to dissolve in another substance, typically water. Examples include sugar dissolving in water or salt dissolving in water.

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Study Notes

Matter and its Properties

  • Matter is anything that has mass and volume and inertia.
  • Pure Substances consist of only one type of particle (atom or molecule). These can be elements or compounds.
  • Elements contain only one type of atom and cannot be broken down into simpler substances.
  • Compounds are single types of molecules formed from different types of atoms.
  • Mixtures are impure substances where two or more compounds are not chemically bonded together.
    • Homogeneous Mixtures have evenly distributed particles, making the different particle types indistinguishable.
    • Heterogeneous Mixtures have unevenly distributed particles, the different components can be observed.

Physical Properties

  • Qualitative physical properties can be observed and described but not measured:
    • Color
    • State (solid, liquid, gas)
    • Texture
    • Lustre (shininess)
    • Optical clarity (transparency)
    • Malleability (ability to be hammered into sheets)
    • Ductility (ability to be drawn into wires)
  • Quantitative physical properties can be measured:
    • Boiling point
    • Melting point
    • Height/length/width
    • Viscosity (thickness, high viscosity = thicker like honey)
    • Solubility (ability to dissolve, usually in water)
    • Hardness (resistance to scratching)
    • Conductivity (ability to conduct heat or electricity)
    • Density (mass/volume, usually g/cm³)

Phase Changes

  • Phase changes involve transitions between states of matter:
    • Sublimation: solid to gas
    • Deposition: gas to solid
    • Evaporation: liquid to gas
    • Condensation: gas to liquid
    • Melting: solid to liquid
    • Freezing: liquid to solid

Calculations

  • Density (D) = Mass (M) / Volume (V)
  • Mass (M) = Density (D) * Volume (V)
  • Volume (V) = Mass (M) / Density (D)
  • Units matter! (e.g., g/cm³, g, cm³)

Chemical Properties

  • Chemical properties describe a substances ability to react with other substances to form new substances.
  • Examples include:
    • Reactivity with oxygen (oxidation)
    • Reactivity with acids/bases (acidity/basicity)
    • Combustibility
    • Stability
    • Toxicity
    • Flammability
    • Radioactivity

Changes in Matter

  • Physical change: A change in appearance/state that doesn't form new substances. Usually reversible.
  • Chemical change: A change that forms one or more new substances. Usually not reversible.

Evidence of Chemical Change

  • Color change
  • Formation of a new solid (precipitate)
  • Production of a gas (bubbling, odor change)
  • Production of a new odor
  • Absorption or release of heat/light (energy change)
  • Difficulty reversing the change

Types of Chemical Reactions

  • Synthesis: Two or more substances combine to form a more complex substance (A + B → AB).

  • Decomposition: A complex substance breaks down into simpler substances (AB → A + B).

  • Single Displacement: One element replaces another element in a compound (AC + B → BC + A).

  • Double Displacement: Two elements in different compounds switch places (AC + BD → AD + BC)

  • Combustion: A substance reacts with oxygen, frequently producing energy, CO2, and Water (CHâ‚„ + 2Oâ‚‚ → COâ‚‚ + 2Hâ‚‚O). (Complete vs Incomplete) (Multiple examples provided)

  • Neutralization: An acid and base react to form a salt and water, often resulting in a pH closer to neutral (HA + BOH → AB + HOH). (Multiple examples provided)

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Description

Test your knowledge on matter and its properties, including pure substances, mixtures, and physical properties. This quiz will help you understand the distinctions between elements, compounds, and different types of mixtures. Challenge yourself with questions on qualitative physical properties and more.

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