Matter and Atoms Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is a compound?

  • A type of glue
  • The powder (crystal) form of a substance
  • A building
  • Any substance that is composed of two or more different elements chemically bonded together (correct)

    • What is the difference between a molecule and a compound?

  • A compound is always a molecule, but a molecule does not have to be a compound.
  • A compound is a substance that is composed of two or more different elements, while a molecule is a substance composed of two or more atoms, which can be of the same or different elements. (correct)
  • Molecules and compounds are both terms that can be used to describe any substance that is composed of two or more atoms.
  • A molecule is always a compound, but a compound does not have to be a molecule.

    • Which of the following subatomic particles has a negative charge?

  • Electron (correct)
  • Neutron
  • Proton
  • None of the above

    • What is the difference between an element and an isotope?

    <p>Isotopes are atoms of the same element that have the same number of protons but different number of neutrons (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the strongest type of chemical bond?

    <p>Covalent bond (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between a polar covalent bond and a non-polar covalent bond?

    <p>In a polar covalent bond, the electron spends most of its time around the more electronegative atom, while in a non-polar covalent bond, the electron is equally shared between the two atoms. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following elements accounts for the largest percentage of the human body?

    <p>Oxygen (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is not a molecule?

    <p>Sodium (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when an acid and a base react?

    <p>They produce water and a salt (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many fatty acid tails does a phospholipid contain?

    <p>2 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which compound is known to remove H+ ions from a solution?

    <p>Base (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following elements are primarily found in proteins?

    <p>Carbon, Hydrogen, and Nitrogen (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do nucleotides play in biological systems?

    <p>They store genetic information (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes a high pH value in a solution?

    <p>High concentration of OH- ions (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about hydrogen bonding is false?

    <p>Hydrogen bonding occurs only in polar compounds (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which carbohydrate is produced by the human body for energy storage?

    <p>Glycogen (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of reaction uses water to break covalent bonds?

    <p>Hydrolysis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about buffers is true?

    <p>Buffers resist pH changes upon addition of acid or base. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flashcards

    Matter

    Any substance that has mass and occupies space.

    Subatomic Particles

    Particles composing an atom, including protons, neutrons, and electrons.

    Element

    A type of matter made entirely from one kind of atom.

    Atomic Mass

    Sum mass of protons and neutrons in an atom.

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    Isotope

    Atoms with the same number of protons but different neutrons.

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    Compound

    Substance composed of two or more different elements chemically bonded together.

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    Valence Electrons

    Electrons that can interact with other atoms, located in the outermost shell.

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    Covalent Bond

    A chemical bond involving the sharing of electron pairs between atoms.

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    Ions and electricity

    Ions can conduct electricity because they carry a charge.

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    Sodium chloride (NaCl)

    Sodium chloride is an ionic compound, not a molecular compound.

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    Hydrogen bonds in water

    Hydrogen bonds are essential in water, but they are not very strong compared to covalent bonds.

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    Polarity of water

    Water's polarity allows it to dissolve ionic compounds effectively.

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    Hydrolysis reaction

    Hydrolysis is a reaction where water breaks a covalent bond in a compound.

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    pH scale range

    The pH scale ranges from 0 to 14, indicating acidity or basicity.

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    Neutral pH value

    A neutral pH value is 7, indicating balanced acidity and basicity.

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    Function of buffers

    Buffers resist pH changes when acids or bases are added to a solution.

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    Proteins and elements

    Proteins are composed of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and sulfur.

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    Catalysts in reactions

    A catalyst speeds up chemical reactions without being consumed in the process.

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    Study Notes

    Matter and Atoms

    • Matter is any substance with mass and occupies space.
    • All matter is composed of atoms.
    • Atoms have subatomic particles: electrons (negative), neutrons (no charge), and protons (positive).
    • Atoms have no overall charge.
    • An element is a substance composed of entirely one type of atom.
    • An element is identified by the number of protons.
    • Atomic mass is the sum of protons and neutrons.
    • Isotopes of an element have the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons.
    • 96% of the human body is composed of carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, and oxygen.
    • Trace elements are important for proper bodily functions.

    Compounds and Molecules

    • A compound is a substance formed by two or more different elements chemically bonded together.
    • Molecules are formed when two or more atoms bond together.
    • Examples of molecules include water, table salt, glucose, and oxygen gas.
    • Valence electrons are those electrons that interact with other atoms.
    • Covalent bonds are the strongest type of bond.
    • A single covalent bond involves two electrons.
    • Polar covalent bonds have uneven electron sharing.
    • Ionic bonds involve the transfer of electrons.
    • Ions can conduct electricity.
    • Sodium chloride (NaCl) is an ionic compound, not a molecular compound.
    • Hydrogen bonds are weaker than covalent or ionic bonds.
    • Hydrogen bonds are important in water.
    • Water's polarity helps dissolve ionic compounds.
    • Polar molecules can dissolve in polar molecules.

    Chemical Reactions and Solutions

    • Water is crucial for living organisms.
    • Hydrophobic substances do not dissolve in water.
    • Hydrolysis is the chemical reaction that breaks a covalent bond using water.
    • An acid releases H+ ions in water.
    • A base removes H+ ions from a solution.
    • The pH scale ranges from 0 to 14.
    • A neutral pH is 7.
    • A high pH indicates a basic solution.
    • Acids and bases react to form salts and water.
    • Buffers resist changes in pH.

    Organic Compounds

    • Organic compounds contain carbon and hydrogen atoms covalently bonded.
    • Carbohydrates are composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.
    • Monosaccharides and polysaccharides are types of carbohydrates.
    • Starch, glycogen, and cellulose are polysaccharides.
    • Lipids are composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.
    • Triglycerides are composed of glycerol and fatty acids.
    • Phospholipids have a phosphate head and two fatty acid tails.
    • Proteins are composed of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, sulfur, and nitrogen.
    • Proteins are made of amino acids.
    • Enzymes are proteins that speed up chemical reactions.
    • Enzymes have specific substrates.

    Nucleic Acids

    • Nucleotides are the monomers of nucleic acids.
    • DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) is a nucleic acid that stores genetic information; it is an organic molecule with a helical structure.
    • Antioxidants protect cells from damage.

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    Description

    Test your knowledge on the fundamental concepts of matter and atoms. This quiz covers the composition of matter, atomic structure, and the importance of elements and compounds. Explore key ideas about subatomic particles, isotopes, and molecular formation.

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