Mathematics: Understanding the Fundamentals
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Questions and Answers

What are the major subdisciplines of modern mathematics as mentioned in the text?

  • Set theory, combinatorics, calculus, and logic
  • Differential equations, linear algebra, probability, and discrete mathematics
  • Number theory, algebra, geometry, and analysis (correct)
  • Calculus, statistics, trigonometry, and topology

What is the primary activity in mathematics according to the text?

  • Experimental testing of mathematical theories
  • Development of mathematical software and tools
  • Application of mathematical models to natural phenomena
  • Discovery of properties of abstract objects and use of pure reason to prove them (correct)

What do proofs in mathematics consist of?

  • Visual demonstrations and experiments
  • A succession of applications of deductive rules to already established results (correct)
  • Statistical analysis and probability calculations
  • Empirical evidence and experimental data

What are the fundamental truths of mathematics independent from according to the text?

<p>Any scientific experimentation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which fields is mathematics essential according to the text?

<p>Natural sciences, engineering, medicine, finance, computer science, and social sciences (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do mathematicians not have a general consensus about according to the text?

<p>A common definition for their academic discipline (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the relationship between applied mathematics and pure mathematics?

<p>Applied mathematics is developed independently from any application, while pure mathematics is developed in close correlation with applications. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did the problem of integer factorization, dating back to Euclid in 300 BC, have no practical application before?

<p>Its use in the RSA cryptosystem (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When did algebra and infinitesimal calculus become introduced as new fields of mathematics?

<p>16th and 17th centuries (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the word 'mathematics' come from?

<p>Ancient Greek máthēma (μάθημα) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did the term 'mathematics' more commonly mean in Latin and English until around 1700?

<p>Astrology (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the word mathēmatikḗ tékhnē (μαθηματικὴ τέχνη) refer to?

<p>'The mathematical art' (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did one of the two main schools of thought in Pythagoreanism, known as the mathēmatikoi (μαθηματικοί), mean at the time?

<p>'Learners' rather than 'mathematicians' in the modern sense (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did Saint Augustine's warning about mathematici mean?

<p>'Astrologers' (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

'Mathematical study' had what meaning even in Classical times?

<p>'That which is learnt', 'what one gets to know', hence also 'study' and 'science' (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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