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Questions and Answers
What are common discomforts of pregnancy during the third trimester?
What are common discomforts of pregnancy during the third trimester?
What type of emotion is common for mothers during the second trimester?
What type of emotion is common for mothers during the second trimester?
What routine labs are taken during the first pregnancy visit?
What routine labs are taken during the first pregnancy visit?
Which of the following are considered maternal role tasks?
Which of the following are considered maternal role tasks?
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What routine labs are continued each pregnancy visit after the first visit?
What routine labs are continued each pregnancy visit after the first visit?
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What are some danger signs of pregnancy during the first trimester?
What are some danger signs of pregnancy during the first trimester?
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What types of drugs are unsafe during pregnancy?
What types of drugs are unsafe during pregnancy?
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Which of the following is NOT a sign of true labor?
Which of the following is NOT a sign of true labor?
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Which of the following is a sign of preeclampsia?
Which of the following is a sign of preeclampsia?
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What is the most favorable pelvis shape for vaginal delivery?
What is the most favorable pelvis shape for vaginal delivery?
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Which pelvis shapes are NOT favorable for vaginal delivery?
Which pelvis shapes are NOT favorable for vaginal delivery?
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Where does the true pelvis lie?
Where does the true pelvis lie?
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What is effacement?
What is effacement?
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What is station?
What is station?
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Which of the following is not a sign of complications from an IUD?
Which of the following is not a sign of complications from an IUD?
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What is the primary function of Plan B?
What is the primary function of Plan B?
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Which statement about vasectomy is false?
Which statement about vasectomy is false?
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What is a significant risk associated with a salpingectomy?
What is a significant risk associated with a salpingectomy?
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Which of the following is a common symptom of chlamydia?
Which of the following is a common symptom of chlamydia?
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Which statement about Neisseria gonorrhoeae is true?
Which statement about Neisseria gonorrhoeae is true?
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What is one of the main symptoms of trichomoniasis?
What is one of the main symptoms of trichomoniasis?
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What does HPV primarily cause?
What does HPV primarily cause?
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What complications can arise from amniocentesis?
What complications can arise from amniocentesis?
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What is indicated by a reactive non-stress test?
What is indicated by a reactive non-stress test?
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Which components are assessed in a biophysical profile using the BATMAN method?
Which components are assessed in a biophysical profile using the BATMAN method?
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When is amniocentesis typically performed to test for fetal lung maturity?
When is amniocentesis typically performed to test for fetal lung maturity?
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What condition is a non-stress test recommended for?
What condition is a non-stress test recommended for?
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What represents a presumptive sign of pregnancy?
What represents a presumptive sign of pregnancy?
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What is a probable sign of pregnancy?
What is a probable sign of pregnancy?
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Which of the following is an example of a positive sign of pregnancy?
Which of the following is an example of a positive sign of pregnancy?
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What is the primary purpose of the standard days method of contraception?
What is the primary purpose of the standard days method of contraception?
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Which statement best describes the basal body temperature method of contraception?
Which statement best describes the basal body temperature method of contraception?
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What is the cervical mucus ovulation-detection method primarily based on?
What is the cervical mucus ovulation-detection method primarily based on?
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What is one critical issue associated with the use of male and female condoms?
What is one critical issue associated with the use of male and female condoms?
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What key feature distinguishes a cervical cap from other cervical barrier methods?
What key feature distinguishes a cervical cap from other cervical barrier methods?
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Which statement is true regarding diaphragms as a method of contraception?
Which statement is true regarding diaphragms as a method of contraception?
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What mechanism do combined oral contraceptives primarily use to prevent pregnancy?
What mechanism do combined oral contraceptives primarily use to prevent pregnancy?
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If a woman misses one oral contraceptive pill, what should she do?
If a woman misses one oral contraceptive pill, what should she do?
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What action should be prioritized when a patient is at risk for hemorrhage postpartum?
What action should be prioritized when a patient is at risk for hemorrhage postpartum?
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Which of the following is NOT a support method for a pregnant woman wanting a natural birth?
Which of the following is NOT a support method for a pregnant woman wanting a natural birth?
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What is the purpose of a pudendal block during labor?
What is the purpose of a pudendal block during labor?
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What is a key consideration before administering an epidural?
What is a key consideration before administering an epidural?
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What is a significant risk associated with the use of general anesthesia in pregnancy?
What is a significant risk associated with the use of general anesthesia in pregnancy?
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Which of the following correctly describes a spinal block in pregnancy?
Which of the following correctly describes a spinal block in pregnancy?
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What is the primary effect of using bupivocaine or ropivacaine in a pudendal block?
What is the primary effect of using bupivocaine or ropivacaine in a pudendal block?
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What is a common side effect of administering an epidural?
What is a common side effect of administering an epidural?
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Flashcards
Standard Days Method
Standard Days Method
A contraception method tracking 14 days from the first day of menstruation, identifying fertile days as days 14-24.
Basal Body Temperature Method
Basal Body Temperature Method
A contraception method that tracks temperature, with ovulation indicated by a sharp dip followed by a spike.
Cervical Mucous Method
Cervical Mucous Method
A method where users monitor cervical mucous and refrain from sex during the 'egg white' mucous phase, indicating fertility.
Condoms
Condoms
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Sponge
Sponge
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Cervical Cap
Cervical Cap
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Diaphragm
Diaphragm
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Combined Oral Contraceptives
Combined Oral Contraceptives
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Signs of IUD complications
Signs of IUD complications
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Plan B
Plan B
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Vasectomy
Vasectomy
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Salpingectomy
Salpingectomy
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Chlamydia
Chlamydia
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Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
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Trichomonas vaginalis
Trichomonas vaginalis
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Human Papillomavirus (HPV)
Human Papillomavirus (HPV)
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Amniocentesis
Amniocentesis
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Risks of Amniocentesis
Risks of Amniocentesis
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Non-Stress Test
Non-Stress Test
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Biophysical Profile
Biophysical Profile
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Fetal Lung Maturity
Fetal Lung Maturity
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Presumptive Signs of Pregnancy
Presumptive Signs of Pregnancy
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Probable Signs of Pregnancy
Probable Signs of Pregnancy
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Positive Signs of Pregnancy
Positive Signs of Pregnancy
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Common emotion in 2nd trimester
Common emotion in 2nd trimester
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Common emotion in 3rd trimester
Common emotion in 3rd trimester
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Maternal role tasks
Maternal role tasks
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Sexual activity during pregnancy
Sexual activity during pregnancy
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Unsafe drugs during pregnancy
Unsafe drugs during pregnancy
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Routine labs in first pregnancy visit
Routine labs in first pregnancy visit
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Common discomforts in 1st trimester
Common discomforts in 1st trimester
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Danger signs in pregnancy
Danger signs in pregnancy
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Hemorrhage Risk Postpartum
Hemorrhage Risk Postpartum
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Pain Relief Methods for Natural Birth
Pain Relief Methods for Natural Birth
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Pudendal Block
Pudendal Block
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Epidural
Epidural
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General Anesthesia in Pregnancy
General Anesthesia in Pregnancy
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Spinal Block
Spinal Block
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Lochia Checks
Lochia Checks
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Perineal Care Postpartum
Perineal Care Postpartum
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Signs of Second Stage Labor
Signs of Second Stage Labor
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Signs of Third Stage Labor
Signs of Third Stage Labor
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True Labor vs False Labor
True Labor vs False Labor
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Five Ps of Labor
Five Ps of Labor
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Gynecoid Pelvis Shape
Gynecoid Pelvis Shape
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Android and Platypelloid Pelvis
Android and Platypelloid Pelvis
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Cervical Dilation
Cervical Dilation
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Cervical Effacement
Cervical Effacement
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Study Notes
OB/GYN Test 1 Nursing Study Notes
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Standard Days Method: Count from first day of period for 14 days, days 14-24 are fertile. Avoid sex during fertile days.
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Basal Body Temperature Method: Measure temperature same time each morning before getting out of bed. Ovulation is indicated by a sharp dip and then spike in temperature.
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Cervical Mucous Ovulation-Detection Method: Monitor cervical mucus and abstain during "egg white" days.
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Male and Female Condoms: Only contraceptive method protecting against STIs. Never use both at once. Inconsistent use is an issue.
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Cervical Sponge: Barrier method, rarely used. Single use, more expensive. Efficacy increases with spermicide use and must be used for at least six hours after sexual intercourse, but not more than 48 hours.
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Cervical Cap: Barrier method. Requires a fitting and reevaluation annually. Use spermicide for increased effectiveness. Risk of Toxic Shock Syndrome; use other birth control during period.
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Diaphragm: Barrier method. Requires fitting, annually re-evaluated after weight changes (loss/gain), birth, or surgery. Place 2tsp spermicide, leave in for 6 hours after intercourse.
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Combined Oral Contraceptives: Suppress ovulation by adding estrogen and progesterone. Increases cervical mucous thickness, inhibits ovulation and thins the uterine lining. Risk of DVT.
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Oral Estrogens: Do not contain estrogen. Thickens cervical mucous, thins uterine lining. Must be taken at same time daily. Safe for breastfeeding.
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Missed Oral Contraceptive Pill (1): Take the missed pill as soon as possible. Take the next pill at regular time. No backup method needed.
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Missed Oral Contraceptive Pill (2): Take 2 pills a day for 2 days and resume the normal schedule. Use a backup method for 7 days.
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Missed Oral Contraceptive Pill (3): Throw away the rest of the pack, start a new pack same day. Use a backup method for 7 days.
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Missed Oral Contraceptive Pills (more than 3): Have a backup method. Follow instructions outlined in packet.
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The Patch: Transdermal contraceptive applied to lower abdomen, upper outer arm, or upper torso (excluding breasts). Maximum weight 198 lbs. Application is weekly.
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Depo-Provera: Injectable progestin. Initial injection given first 5 days of menstrual cycle. Then re-administered every 11-13 weeks. Can prevent pregnancy for 12-18 months after stopping. Useful for teens.
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Vaginal Contraceptive Ring: Insert for 3 weeks. Releases hormones to stop ovulation. Remove for a week.
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Nexplanon: Implantable progestin device placed under arm skin. Effective for 3 years.
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IUD: Constant contraception through hormonal and non-hormonal options. Impacts sperm motility, irritates the uterine lining, and thins the endometrium.
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IUD Complications: Period late, pregnancy, abnormal spotting/bleeding, abdominal pain, pain during intercourse, infection, fever, or chills, string missing (shorter/longer).
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Plan B: Emergency contraception used within 72 hours of unprotected sex. No effect on existing pregnancy.
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Vasectomy: Ligation and severance of vas deferens. Safe and simple, no immediate protection against STIs.
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Salpingectomy: Tying or removal of fallopian tubes. Can be reversed. Has no effect on sexual function.
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Chlamydia: Most frequently reported disease in the US, often without symptoms. Untreated can cause PID and newborn blindness.
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Gonorrhea: Second most common STI, may be asymptomatic, possible strawberry cervix, and greenish-yellow discharge.
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Trichomonas Vaginalis: Parasitic STI, symptoms typically appear 5-28 days after exposure. May experience itching in the genital area, foul-smelling thin vaginal discharge, burning with urination, and pain during sex.
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HPV (Human Papillomavirus): Most common viral infection in the US. May cause cervical cancer (high-risk types).
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HSV (Herpes Simplex Virus): Cold sores (HSV1) commonly around the mouth, while HSV2 usually causes genital herpes.
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Hepatitis: Transmitted through blood, saliva, semen, and vaginal secretions. No cure, but preventable by immunization.
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Dysmenorrhea: Extremely painful menstruation.
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Menorrhagia: Heavy menstrual bleeding.
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Dyspareunia: Painful intercourse
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Mammograms: Begin at 40 years old (unless high risk).
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Breast Changes: Changes in shape, size, contour, symmetry, discoloration, lumps, sores, discharge, or nipple puckering, must be reported to doctor.
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Pap Smears: Women 21-29: every 3 years. Women 30-65: every 5 years if also getting HPV testing or every 3 years if not getting HPV testing.
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Ultrasound (Pregnancy): Uses sound waves to visualize the fetus, fetal heartbeat, malformations, size and growth, placental position, dating, etc.
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Chorionic Villus Sampling: Performed 10-13 weeks to diagnose fetal chromosomal disorders. Collects a chorionic villi sample from the placenta.
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Nuchal Translucency Screening: Measures fetal neck fold to screen (not diagnose) chromosomal abnormalities. Done at 11-14 weeks.
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Alpha-Fetoprotein Analysis (AFP): Measures maternal blood AFP at 16-18 weeks. Elevated AFP may indicate neural tube defect.
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Marker Screening Tests: Identify fetal risk of trisomy 13, 18, and 21 and neural tube defects. Tests performed at 16 - 18 weeks.
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Doppler Flow Studies: Measures blood flow velocity within the fetus. Used for high risk moms.
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Amniocentesis: Collects amniotic fluid to examine fetal cells for chromosomal abnormalities, neural tube defects, and metabolic defects. Performed at 15-20 weeks (genetic abnormalities) and 35 weeks to evaluate fetal lung maturity
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Non-Stress Test: Assesses fetal well-being and uteroplacental function. Checks fetal heart rate for 20 minutes. Placement on left side to increase blood flow to placenta.
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Biophysical Profile: Utilizes ultrasound and non-stress tests to evaluate fetal well-being and possible issues of hypoxia.
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False Labor: Irregular or regular, but stopping with changes in position. Short, mild contractions, felt in the upper back and/or upper abdomen. Cervix is softened but undilated, posterior.
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True Labor: Contractions strong and steady, felt in lower back and lower abdomen. Cervix dilates and effaces.
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Pelvic Shape for Vaginal Delivery: Gynecoid is most favorable for vaginal delivery.
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Cervical Dilation: Progressive opening or widening of cervical canal (0-10cm).
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Effacement: Thinning of cervix (0-100%).
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Engagement: Largest diameter of presenting part passed through the maternal pelvic brim.
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Station: Presenting part relationship to maternal ischial spines (-5 to +5).
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Cephalic Presentation: Head first.
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Vertex Presentation: Ideal cephalic presentation (head first, chin tucked).
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Breech Presentation: Buttocks ("frank") or feet ("footling") first.
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Fetal Position: Right and left; anterior, posterior, transverse positions measured from maternal ischial spines.
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First Stage of Labor: Onset of contractions, latent/early stage and active stage. Latent/early: 0-5cm dilated, strong, frequent contractions felt in upper abdomen; active 6-10cm dilated.
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Second Stage of Labor: 10 cm dilated, effaced to delivery of baby. Lacerations and episiotomy may be necessary. Coaching is important
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Third Stage of Labor: Expulsion of placenta, fundus contracts to a discoid-shape. Gush/discharge of dark blood.
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Fourth Stage of Labor: Recovery first 24 postpartum. Monitor for hemorrhage, and check the maternal organs.
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Pain Relief in Pregnancy: Support, ambulation, positioning, massage, acupuncture, guided imagery and focal points, breathing techniques.
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IV Narcotics for Labor Pain: Meperidine, morphine, nalbuphine, and butorphanol.
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Pudendal Block: Local anesthetic, injection at ischial spine for second stage.
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Epidural: Continuous infusion or intermittent injection into epidural space to provide relief from contractions. Risk of hypotension (require a bolus of IV fluid)
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General Anesthesia: Used in emergencies, especially C-sections (women with contraindications to regional anesthesia).
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Spinal Anesthesia: Injecting into subarachnoid space. Can cause hypotension, and spinal headaches.
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Risks of Narcotics in Labor: Respiratory depression in the mother or infant, abnormal fetal heart rate patterns
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Indicators of Fetal Well-Being in Labor: Moderate variability.
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Causes of Early Decelerations: Head compression, vaginal exams, fundal pressure, internal monitoring.
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Causes of Late Decelerations: Uteroplacental insufficiency, uterine tachysystole, maternal hypotension, intrauterine growth restriction.
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Intrauterine Resuscitation: Turn off anything that would be constricting the patient, place on side (ensure no pressure is present on organs), boluses of supplemental oxygen.
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Causes of Prolonged Decelerations: Maternal hypotension, uterine tachysystole, extreme placental insufficiency, prolonged cord compression or prolapse.
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Deceleration Management: Remember VEAL CHOP (assisting the patient to improve physiological function, i.e., proper positioning
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Amniotic Fluid Role: Cushions and supports fetus (maintains temperature); allows umbilical cord to be free from compression, enhances musculoskeletal development, assists in symmetric growth.
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Placental Function: Interface between mother and fetus. Supples nutrients and oxygen, removes waste.
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Genetic Evaluation Timing: Preferably before conception to address potential risks and plan accordingly.
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Description
Test your knowledge on maternal health and pregnancy with this comprehensive quiz. Covering topics from the first to the third trimester, this quiz touches on discomforts, routine tests, key signs, and risks associated with pregnancy. Perfect for future parents and healthcare students alike!