Podcast
Questions and Answers
What percentage of maternal deaths and near-misses are caused by indirect causes of maternal morbidity and mortality?
What is the primary goal of antenatal care according to the WHO?
Who typically conducts risk assessments in Hungary?
What is NOT a component of a positive pregnancy experience?
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What is an important opportunity provided by antenatal care?
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What is a benefit of antenatal care in reducing maternal morbidity and mortality?
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What is the primary goal of preconception counseling?
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Which of the following is an important component of antenatal care?
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What is a topic that should be discussed during preconception counseling?
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Why is folic acid intake important during preconception counseling?
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What is a risk that should be assessed during preconception counseling?
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What is the purpose of risk assessment during preconception counseling?
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What is one of the factors that increase the risk of pregnancy?
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What is the purpose of the 11-13th week antenatal checkup?
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What is the role of the health visitor during pregnancy?
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What is the frequency of antenatal checkups from the 36th week of pregnancy?
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What is the purpose of the 24-28th week oral glucose tolerance test?
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What type of antenatal care is provided in cases of high-risk pregnancy?
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Study Notes
Antenatal Care and Its Importance
- Antenatal care can reduce maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality through detection and treatment of pregnancy-related complications.
- It also identifies women and girls at increased risk of developing complications during labor and delivery, ensuring referral to appropriate care.
Positive Pregnancy Experience
- A positive pregnancy experience is defined as maintaining physical and sociocultural normality, a healthy pregnancy, effective transition to positive labor and birth, and achieving positive motherhood.
- Positive motherhood includes maternal self-esteem, competence, and autonomy.
Preconception Counseling
- Targeted at the mother, father, and family, preconception counseling can reduce maternal and infant morbidity and mortality.
- It includes early health promotion, risk assessment, and education to guide families in identifying risks and addressing them before pregnancy.
- Risk assessment includes evaluation of overall wellbeing, medical history, surgical risks, social and behavioral risks, medication risks, occupational risks, education risks, and other barriers to fertility or pregnancy.
Important Items to Discuss During Preconception Counseling
- Management of chronic disease
- Genetic disorders and carrier status
- Folic acid intake
- Short interval pregnancy
- Smoking cessation, alcohol and substance use
- Obesity and underweight
- Toxin exposure
- Environmental exposures
- Medication exposures
- Diabetes management
- Infectious diseases management (Hepatitis B, HIV, Tetanus, MMR)
Antenatal Care Components
- Risk prevention and management of pregnancy-related complications
- Identification and management of concurrent diseases
- Health education and promotion
High-Risk Pregnancy
- Maternal age (above 40 years or below 18 years)
- Medical or social condition of the pregnant woman
- Medical condition of the fetus
- Mother refusing antenatal care or certain checkups
Hungarian Model of Antenatal Care
- GP (optional)
- Health visitor (district)
- Midwife or obstetrician (optional)
- Health visitor's tasks during pregnancy:
- Monthly check-ups of the pregnant woman
- Social environment assessment
- Close follow-up of the health condition and emotional state of the pregnant woman
- Preparation of the pregnant woman and future father for labor and delivery
- Promotion of breast-feeding
- Preparing the family for the newborn's arrival
Medical Checkups During Pregnancy
- 11-13th week: weight, blood pressure, lab tests (CBC, urinalysis, biochemical markers, hepatitis B, syphilis, and blood group determination)
- 12th week: US (nuchal fold)
- 18-20th week: US
- 20-22th week: fetal heart US
- 24-28th week: oral glucose tolerance test for gestational diabetes, CBC, urinalysis
- 30-32th week: US
- 36-37th week: lab tests (CBC, urinalysis)
- From the 36th week: weekly check-ups for embryonal heart sound, maternal blood pressure, and body weight
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Description
This quiz assesses knowledge on antenatal care, pregnancy complications, and maternal morbidity and mortality. It covers the identification of women at risk and referral to appropriate care, as well as indirect causes of maternal morbidity and mortality.
