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Questions and Answers
What term is used to describe a pregnancy that has gone undetected until halfway through or even until labor or delivery?
What is Cullen's sign associated with?
Which condition causes referred pain to the patient's shoulders due to irritation of the phrenic nerve in the diaphragm?
What does Adler's sign help distinguish between?
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What term is used for the sudden separation of a normally implanted placenta after 20 weeks of pregnancy?
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What is one of the causes often associated with placental abruption?
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Which term describes the pain experienced when pressure is applied on the abdomen during palpation?
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'Acute' and 'Chronic' are terms used to describe the onset of which condition?
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'Marginal sinus rupture' is a characteristic feature of which type of placental abruption onset?
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What clinical presentation is commonly associated with placental abruption?
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Study Notes
Placental Complications
- Total placenta previa covers the cervix and may cause postpartum hemorrhage due to uterine atony.
- Uterine atony can be caused by overexposure to labor-inducing medications, lacerations, and retention of placenta.
Types of Placenta Previa
- Low-lying placenta is positioned on the lower margin of the uterine wall adjacent to the cervical canal; less than two centimeters from the cervix.
- Marginalis placenta is positioned at the edge of the cervix; it may touch the cervix but is not covering it.
- Partialis placenta partially blocks the cervix.
- Totalis placenta totally covers the cervix.
Placenta Accreta, Increta, and Percreta
- Placenta accreta is characterized by the deep implantation of the placenta into the uterine wall.
- Placenta increta is when the placenta attaches deeper into the myometrial layer.
- Placenta percreta is when the placenta perforates the uterine layers and sometimes extends into neighboring organs.
- A poorly developed nitabuch layer may lead to placenta accreta, increta, and percreta.
Clinical Presentations of Placental Abruption
- Pain is a common complaint from the patient, related to contractions brought about by labor.
- The patient may experience tetanic uterine contractions, which last longer than 90 seconds.
- Dark blood may be present due to retention of blood before excretion, darkening its color.
- Deafened or absent fetal heart tones may be observed due to contractions deafening the sounds auscultated.
Other Complications
- Asherman Syndrome is the formation of scar tissues within the uterus or cervix, associated with hypomenorrhea, infertility, or even pregnancy loss.
- Cryptic pregnancy is a pregnancy that has gone undetected until halfway through and sometimes, even until labor or delivery.
- Cullen's sign is a bluish tinge or bruising within the peri-umbilical region.
- Adler's sign allows distinction between appendicitis and issues related to the fallopian tubes and ovaries.
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Description
Test your knowledge on maternal health complications such as Totalis, uterine atony, and placenta issues like low-lying and marginal placenta. Learn about the causes and potential risks associated with these conditions.
