Podcast
Questions and Answers
Most common site of ectopic pregnancies is in the ______ tubes
Most common site of ectopic pregnancies is in the ______ tubes
fallopian
80% of ectopic pregnancies occur in the ______
80% of ectopic pregnancies occur in the ______
ampulla
12% of ectopic pregnancies occur in the ______
12% of ectopic pregnancies occur in the ______
isthmus
8% of ectopic pregnancies occur in the ______ or fimbrial locations
8% of ectopic pregnancies occur in the ______ or fimbrial locations
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Interstitial locations of ectopic pregnancies are the most ______ and is the last to rupture
Interstitial locations of ectopic pregnancies are the most ______ and is the last to rupture
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The rupture of ectopic pregnancies is serious regardless of the ______ it is implanted in
The rupture of ectopic pregnancies is serious regardless of the ______ it is implanted in
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Early sign of rupture of ectopic pregnancies is ______
Early sign of rupture of ectopic pregnancies is ______
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Kinked or curled fallopian tubes increase the risk of ectopic pregnancies due to congenital malformations or ______
Kinked or curled fallopian tubes increase the risk of ectopic pregnancies due to congenital malformations or ______
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Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID) causes tubal scarring, preventing fertilized eggs from traveling to the ______
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID) causes tubal scarring, preventing fertilized eggs from traveling to the ______
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Smoking causes a more frequent occurrence of ______ pregnancies
Smoking causes a more frequent occurrence of ______ pregnancies
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Study Notes
Infection and Abortion
- Infection may occur from using unsterile materials during an abortion procedure
- Immediate attention is required to prevent patient death
Fertilization and Implantation
- Fertilization occurs in the distal third of the fallopian tube after the union of the ovum and spermatozoa
- The fertilized egg then moves down to the uterine cavity and implants on the uterine walls
- Miscarriage is defined as a spontaneous abortion of less than 12 weeks gestation
Maternal Health During Pregnancy
- The uterine walls develop into the decidua, allowing safe implantation of the embryo
- The cervix does not have this endometrial lining, causing early abortion of ectopic pregnancies located in the cervical region
Ectopic Pregnancy
- Ectopic pregnancy occurs when implantation occurs outside the uterine cavity
- Tubal pregnancies occur most in the ampullar area
- Rupture can cause severe peritoneal bleeding and signs of shock
- Ultrasound and Magnetic Resonance Imaging are effective in detecting ectopic pregnancies
Signs and Symptoms
- Severe abdominal pain
- Sharp Amenorrhea
- Vaginal bleeding
- Hypertrophy from hormones
- Nausea and vomiting
- Rapid pulse, lightheadedness, sweating, paleness (signs of shock)
Therapeutic Management
- Some ectopic pregnancies are reabsorbed before they rupture and require no treatment
- Rapid, thready pulse, rapid respiration, falling blood pressure, and normal temperature may be observed upon hospital assessment
- Falling HCG or serum progesterone level causes the pregnancy to end
- Leukocytosis due to internal trauma
- Unruptured ectopic pregnancies are treated with oral methotrexate
- Hysterosalpingogram/ultrasound is performed to assess tubal patency after treatment
- Laparoscopy or Culdoscopy are used to visualize the fallopian tube if symptoms are inadequate
Complications
- Heterotopic pregnancy: gestation occurs both extra-uterine and intrauterine
- Pseudocyesis: presence of all signs of pregnancy except for the confirmation of the presence of the fetus
- Ruptured ectopic pregnancy is serious regardless of the site it is implanted in
- Oophorectomy, salpingectomy, and hysterectomy may be required in some cases
Causes of Ectopic Pregnancies
- Congenital malformations or tubal surgeries
- Assisted pregnancies (e.g. in vitro fertilization)
- Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID)
- Uterine tumor
- Smoking
- Salpingitis scarring
- Oral contraceptives
- Intrauterine devices (IUD)
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Description
Test your knowledge on maternal health complications including infection from unsterile materials during abortion, the process of fertilization, and miscarriage. Learn about the development of uterine walls and the decidua during pregnancy.
