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Questions and Answers
Which structure is responsible for secreting mucus for lubrication during coitus?
The uterus is a hollow pear-shaped organ used for menstruation, pregnancy, and labor.
True
What is the average duration of a menstrual cycle?
28 days
The __________ secretes hormones that stimulate the gonads.
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What phase occurs from days 6 to 14 of the menstrual cycle?
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What is the size of the uterus in a non-pregnant state?
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What is the purpose of the myometrium?
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The ovarian reserve decreases from 5-7 million oocytes during the intrauterine stage to absent at menopause.
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The __________ is a pea-shaped structure with erectile tissues and nerve endings.
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Match the following glands with their functions:
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Study Notes
Maternal Child Nursing Overview
- Maternal child nursing encompasses different care aspects: normal maternal-child nursing, antenatal care, intrapartal care, postpartal care, high-risk pregnancy, and pediatric disorders.
External Genitalia
- Mons Pubis: Fatty tissue above symphysis pubis, covered with pubic hair.
- Labia Majora: Two thick folds of adipose tissue that protect external genitalia and vagina.
- Labia Minora: Hairless folds of connective tissue lined with mucous membrane.
- Clitoris: Pea-shaped erectile structure packed with nerve endings.
- Fourchette: Joins labia minora at the back, often the episiotomy site.
- Vestibule: Almond-shaped area containing urinary meatus, Skene’s gland, hymen, vaginal orifice, and Bartholin’s gland.
- Urinary Meatus: Opening of the urethra.
- Skene’s Gland: Secretes mucus to lubricate during intercourse.
- Bartholin’s Gland: Secretes alkaline fluid to neutralize vaginal acidity and preserve sperm.
- Vaginal Orifice: External opening of the vagina.
- Hymen: Membranous tissue covering the vaginal entrance.
- Perineum: Muscle structure located between the vagina and anus.
Internal Genitalia
- Serves as the passageway for the fetus and menstruation, with a dilatable canal measuring 6-7 cm.
- Rugae: Thick folds in the membranous stratified epithelium allow stretching without tearing.
Uterus
- Pear-shaped, hollow organ for fetus development, menstruation, and labor.
- Dimensions: Non-pregnant (2.5 cm thick, 5 cm wide, 5-7 cm long), Pregnant (omentum shape).
- Weight: Non-pregnant (60 g), Pregnant (100 g).
- Structure: Fundus (upper cylindrical part), Isthmus (short segment), Body (expands for fetus), and Cervix (lower segment).
- Layers:
- Endometrium: Lining with basal and glandular layers.
- Myometrium: Muscular layer facilitating contractions during labor.
- Perimetrium: Outermost layer providing support.
- Decidua: Specialized endometrial layer during pregnancy, includes decidua basalis, capsularis, and vera.
Ovaries and Fallopian Tubes
- Ovaries: Almond-shaped, approximately 4 cm x 2 cm in size, and 1.5 cm thick; produce ova and hormones (estrogen, progesterone).
- Fallopian Tubes: 10 cm long; functions include conveying ova to the uterus and providing a site for fertilization.
- Segments: Infundibulum (funnel-shaped, covered with fimbrae) and Ampulla (fertilization site).
- Oocyte count through life:
- 5 months intrauterine (5-7 million).
- Birth (2 million).
- Puberty (30,000-40,000).
- Reproductive age (400,000-500,000).
- Menopause (absent).
Menstruation
- Average cycle lasts 28 days, varying from 23 to 35 days.
- Duration of menstrual flow: typically 4-6 days, abnormal can be 1-9 days.
- Normal blood loss: 30-80 cc.
Menstrual Cycle Regulation
- Involves: Hypothalamus (GnRH initiator), Anterior Pituitary Gland (secretes gonadotropins), Ovaries (release ovum), and Uterus (develops stratum functionalis for possible pregnancy).
Phases of the Menstrual Cycle
- Proliferative/Follicular Phase:
- Days 6-14, occurring after menstruation.
- Endometrium thickens eightfold under rising estrogen levels.
- FSH promotes follicle growth, leading to maturation into a Graafian follicle; only one follicle matures each cycle.
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Description
Explore the essential aspects of maternal child nursing, including antenatal, intrapartal, and postpartal care. This quiz covers the anatomy and functions of external genitalia, highlighting their roles in maternal and pediatric health. Enhance your understanding of high-risk pregnancies and pediatric disorders by testing your knowledge.
