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The Philippines has laws and policies in place designed to strengthen the continuum of care for mothers, newborns, and young ______.
The Philippines has laws and policies in place designed to strengthen the continuum of care for mothers, newborns, and young ______.
children
The Field Health Service Information System (FHSIS) reported an Infant Mortality Rate of ______ in 2022.
The Field Health Service Information System (FHSIS) reported an Infant Mortality Rate of ______ in 2022.
10.36
[Blank], poverty, and peace and order problems are major obstacles to Maternal and Child Health in the Philippines.
[Blank], poverty, and peace and order problems are major obstacles to Maternal and Child Health in the Philippines.
Literacy
Public healthcare in the Philippines generally varies from excellent in urban centers to ______ in rural areas.
Public healthcare in the Philippines generally varies from excellent in urban centers to ______ in rural areas.
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The MCH Program takes care of the pregnant mothers and her baby until she gives birth and monitors the growth of the child until ______ years of age.
The MCH Program takes care of the pregnant mothers and her baby until she gives birth and monitors the growth of the child until ______ years of age.
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[Blank] led to the maternal cause of death in 2021 in The Philippines.
[Blank] led to the maternal cause of death in 2021 in The Philippines.
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Underserved populations continue to suffer from a high prevalence of TB, including multi-drug resistant TB, HIV epidemic, rising infectious disease outbreaks such as measles, dengue and ______ diseases.
Underserved populations continue to suffer from a high prevalence of TB, including multi-drug resistant TB, HIV epidemic, rising infectious disease outbreaks such as measles, dengue and ______ diseases.
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The Department of Health launched the National Safe ______ Program to ensure full access to health services for safe pregnancy and delivery.
The Department of Health launched the National Safe ______ Program to ensure full access to health services for safe pregnancy and delivery.
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Our ______ carry information that affects our health, our appearance, and even our personality.
Our ______ carry information that affects our health, our appearance, and even our personality.
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______ refers to guidance relating to genetic disorders that a specialized healthcare professional provides to an individual or family.
______ refers to guidance relating to genetic disorders that a specialized healthcare professional provides to an individual or family.
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Genetic tests can identify an increased risk of a specific disease, which allows people to take early ______.
Genetic tests can identify an increased risk of a specific disease, which allows people to take early ______.
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______ is a type of medical test that identifies changes in genes, chromosomes, the genome or proteins.
______ is a type of medical test that identifies changes in genes, chromosomes, the genome or proteins.
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______ is a public health program of screening in infants shortly after birth for conditions that are treatable, but not clinically evident in the newborn period.
______ is a public health program of screening in infants shortly after birth for conditions that are treatable, but not clinically evident in the newborn period.
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______ is the use of DNA profiles to determine whether an individual is the biological parent of another individual.
______ is the use of DNA profiles to determine whether an individual is the biological parent of another individual.
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A ______ includes a cotton swab is rubbed on the cheeks inside the mouth to collect a tissue sample and can be used in Paternity Testing.
A ______ includes a cotton swab is rubbed on the cheeks inside the mouth to collect a tissue sample and can be used in Paternity Testing.
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______ is a test done during pregnancy to check if the baby has a genetic or chromosomal condition.
______ is a test done during pregnancy to check if the baby has a genetic or chromosomal condition.
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Maternal factors, like education, health & nutrition account for 50% of the gap in child ______ in the Philippines.
Maternal factors, like education, health & nutrition account for 50% of the gap in child ______ in the Philippines.
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Infections during pregnancy can affect fetal development, leading to premature birth and low birth ______.
Infections during pregnancy can affect fetal development, leading to premature birth and low birth ______.
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Smoking during pregnancy can lead to pre-term births, low birth weights, fetal and neonatal deaths, respiratory problems, and sudden infant death ______ (SIDS)
Smoking during pregnancy can lead to pre-term births, low birth weights, fetal and neonatal deaths, respiratory problems, and sudden infant death ______ (SIDS)
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______ determinants of health include the conditions in which women are born, grow, work and live before pregnancy, during pregnancy, childbirth and the postpartum period.
______ determinants of health include the conditions in which women are born, grow, work and live before pregnancy, during pregnancy, childbirth and the postpartum period.
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Factors like income inequality, educational disparities, employment conditions and access to healthcare services shape maternal health ______.
Factors like income inequality, educational disparities, employment conditions and access to healthcare services shape maternal health ______.
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Pregnant women less than 18 years old and those more than 35 years old are at higher health ______.
Pregnant women less than 18 years old and those more than 35 years old are at higher health ______.
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Women who had received only up to ______ education are at higher health risk.
Women who had received only up to ______ education are at higher health risk.
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______ is the study of how genes and how traits are passed down from one generation to the next.
______ is the study of how genes and how traits are passed down from one generation to the next.
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Study Notes
Maternal, Newborn, and Child Health in the Philippines
- The Philippines has laws and policies to improve care for mothers, newborns, and young children.
Current Situation of MCH in the Philippines
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FHSIS (Field Health Service Information System) 2022 Data:
- Infant Mortality Rate: 10.36
- Maternal Mortality Rate: 64.68
- Adolescent Birth Rate: 24.36
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Major Problems/Obstacles:
- Literacy
- Poverty
- Peace and Order problems
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Public Healthcare:
- Despite universal healthcare, unequal access to medical care exists. Standards vary, excellent in urban areas but poor in rural areas.
MCH Program in the Philippines
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The MCH Program provides care for pregnant mothers and their babies until the child reaches six years of age.
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Leading Cause of Maternal Mortality & Morbidity:
- Eclampsia was the leading cause of maternal death in 2021.
- Maternal infections and parasitic diseases were the second leading cause of maternal death (14.4%).
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Other Challenges:
- Underserved populations continue to suffer from high prevalence of TB, including multi-drug resistant TB, HIV epidemic, and rising infectious diseases (including measles, dengue, and zoonotic diseases).
- High unmet need for family planning
- High teenage pregnancy rates
National Safe Motherhood Program
- The Department of Health launched the National Safe Motherhood Program (NSMP).
- Its goal is to provide Filipino women full access to vital health services for safe pregnancies and deliveries.
- It collaborates with Local Government Units (LGUs) for maternity and newborn services.
Factors Affecting Maternal & Child Health in the Philippines
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Maternal Nutrition:
- Maternal factors like education, health, and nutrition account for 50% of the gap in child stunting.
- Undernutrition in women, assessed for iron and vitamin A deficiencies, is monitored.
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Infections:
- Infections during pregnancy can affect fetal development, leading to premature birth and low birth weight.
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Smoking:
- Smoking during pregnancy can cause preterm birth, low birth weight, fetal and neonatal deaths, respiratory problems, and Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS).
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Social Determinants:
- Conditions that women are born into, grow in, work in, including life in general before, during, and after pregnancy.
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Socioeconomic Factors:
- Factors like income inequality, educational gaps, and employment conditions impact access to healthcare services, which affects maternal health outcomes.
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Age:
- Pregnant women younger than 18 and older than 35 are at higher health risk.
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Education:
- Women with only elementary education are at higher health risk.
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Poverty:
- Women in the poorest 20% of households are at higher health risk.
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Armed Conflict:
- Women in areas experiencing armed conflict have higher health risks.
Genetics & Genetic Counseling in the Philippines
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Genetic services are mainly located at tertiary facilities. Plans are in place to establish more access in peripheral areas.
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Genetics:
- The study of how genes transfer and traits are passed down.
- Genes affect health, appearance, and personality.
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Genetic Counseling:
- Guidance on genetic disorders by a professional (genetic counselor) to individuals or families.
- Counseling covers the condition's natural history, pattern of inheritance, testing methods, management, prevention, support resources, and research.
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Benefits of Genetic Counseling:
- Genetic tests can reveal increased risks of specific diseases, prompting early action.
- Example: familial breast and ovarian cancer risk can be screened for mutations in BRCA1 or BRCA2 genes.
Genetic Testing
- Genetic testing identifies changes in genes, chromosomes, the genome, or proteins.
- This is also commonly called DNA testing.
- The test's results can advise on medical care options.
Types of Genetic Testing
- Newborn Screening
- DNA Paternity Testing
- Amniocentesis
- Chromosomal Tests
Newborn Screening
- A public health program to screen infants for treatable conditions immediately after birth. Conditions may not be apparent initially.
Newborn Screening Tests
- Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency
- Phenylketonuria
- Congenital Hypothyroidism
- Galactosemia
- Sickle Cell Disease
- Maple Syrup Urine Disease
- Homocystinuria
- Biotinidase Deficiency
- Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia
Newborn Screening Procedures
- Blood test (heel stick): A small blood sample is taken from the baby's heel and placed on a card for lab analysis.
- Hearing screen: Checks for hearing loss. Tests are simple, safe, and given while the baby is asleep.
- Pulse oximetry: This measures oxygen levels in the blood; used to detect congenital heart defects.
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Description
This quiz explores the laws, policies, and challenges related to maternal and child health in the Philippines. It covers topics such as healthcare quality disparities, infant mortality rates, and the impact of socio-economic factors. Test your knowledge on the initiatives aimed at improving health services for mothers, newborns, and children.
