Maternal Health in the Philippines

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is NOT a recognized cause of maternal death?

Delay in taking critical actions

Geographic distance from health facilities (correct)

Delay in providing appropriate medical management

Delay in making referrals

What is one of the key strategies implemented by the government to improve maternal health?

Offering financial incentives for prenatal visits

Increasing the number of family planning advertisements

Implementing mandatory pregnancy tests in schools

BEMOC strategy to enhance emergency care (correct)

Which of the following factors is most directly related to frequent pregnancies contributing to maternal death?

Poor detection and management of high risk pregnancies (correct)

Increased access to contraceptives

Regular health check-ups during pregnancy

Advancements in prenatal care

Which aspect is NOT included in the National Safe Motherhood Program's priority agenda?

Providing mandatory maternal health education in schools Signup and view all the answers

What is one primary goal of the Maternal Health Program in the Philippines regarding maternal mortality rate (MMR)?

To reduce the MMR by three-quarters by 2015 Signup and view all the answers

What is the minimum interval recommended for proper birth spacing between children?

3 to 5 years Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a qualification for home delivery?

History of difficult delivery Signup and view all the answers

What is a key aim of the family planning program?

Reduce maternal deaths Signup and view all the answers

What benefit does family planning provide specifically for mothers?

Regains health after delivery Signup and view all the answers

Which strategy is NOT part of the family planning program?

Promoting irrelevant services Signup and view all the answers

Which pillar of family planning emphasizes the need for understanding and choice?

Informed and voluntary choice Signup and view all the answers

Who should assist a hilot in filling up the birth certificate for a newborn?

A midwife Signup and view all the answers

What should happen within four to six weeks after a home delivery?

The mother must have a follow-up visit to the health facility Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT an emergency sign to check upon admission of a woman in labor?

Slowed heart rate Signup and view all the answers

Which supportive care is appropriate during labor?

Encourage breathing techniques Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct timing for administering the first dose of tetanus toxoid during pregnancy?

5th month of pregnancy Signup and view all the answers

How many doses of tetanus toxoid immunization are necessary for a mother to be considered fully immunized?

Two doses in total Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the 'three cleans' to be practiced during delivery?

Clean delivery surface Signup and view all the answers

Which medication is preferred over Methergin after the baby has been born?

Oxytocin Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for counseling women on birth registration during maternal health care?

To facilitate access to legal identification documents Signup and view all the answers

What is the duration of protection provided by the third dose of tetanus toxoid after its administration?

5 years Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended dosage of Vitamin D for pregnant women starting from the 4th or 5th month?

10,000 IU three times a week Signup and view all the answers

What should not be given alongside multivitamins to avoid excessive Vitamin A intake?

Iron supplements Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct dosage of Chloroquine for pregnant women traveling to a malaria-endemic area?

One tablet weekly for two weeks Signup and view all the answers

How much calcium should pregnant women take daily for bone resorption?

500mg once a day Signup and view all the answers

What is the daily dosage of Folic Acid recommended to prevent neural tube defects during pregnancy?

500mg Signup and view all the answers

Which factor does NOT classify a pregnancy as high risk?

Getting pregnant while healthy Signup and view all the answers

When should the birth be registered according to Presidential Decree 651?

Within 30 days of delivery Signup and view all the answers

What APGAR score indicates a healthy baby?

7-10 Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary benefit of a healthy mother for her children?

They get all the attention, security, love, and care they deserve. Signup and view all the answers

What does the Lactational Amenorrhea Method (LAM) rely on to prevent pregnancy?

Exclusive breastfeeding until the mother’s period returns. Signup and view all the answers

Which family planning method involves a physical barrier to sperm entering the egg?

Barrier method. Signup and view all the answers

What is one disadvantage of the combined pill for women over 35 years old who smoke?

It can increase the risk of blood clots. Signup and view all the answers

What hormone is primarily responsible for the let-down reflex during breastfeeding?

Oxytocin. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following methods is considered a permanent method of family planning?

Tubal ligation. Signup and view all the answers

How does an Intrauterine Device (IUD) primarily function to prevent pregnancy?

By thickening cervical mucus. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary action of the milk-ejecting reflex during breastfeeding?

Releasing milk from the mammary glands. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

DOH Program Goals

Ensure every expectant and nursing mother maintains good health
Teach the art of child care
Have normal delivery and healthy children

Maternal Health Program

The Philippines aims to reduce MMR by three-quarters by 2015 to meet a Millennium Development Goal.
The National Safe Motherhood Program focuses on women's health throughout pregnancy.
It also includes adolescents, pregnant women, and seeks to meet unmet needs for family planning and contraceptives.

Causes of Maternal Death

Delay in taking critical actions
Delay in seeking care
Delay in making referrals
Delay in providing appropriate medical management

Other Factors Contributing to Maternal Death

Deaths including closely spaced births
Frequent pregnancy
Poor detection and management of high-risk pregnancies
Poor access to health facilities due to geographic distance
Lack of health staff and competence

Government Actions to Combat Maternal Deaths

Basic Emergency Obstetric and Newborn Care (BEMOC) strategy
Improve the quality of prenatal and postnatal visits
Reduce women's exposure to health risks through responsible parenthood
LGUs, NGOs, and other stakeholders must advocate for health through resource generation.

Antenatal Registration

1st Visit: As early as possible before four months or during the first trimester
2nd Visit: During the second trimester
3rd Visit: During the third trimester
Every 2 weeks: After the eighth month of pregnancy until term

Tetanus Toxoid Immunization

Controversial issue: previously discouraged due to potential for abortion. (AO 15 reinitiated this but for delivery after 5th month of pregnancy)

Tetanus Toxoid Schedule

TT1: 5th month of pregnancy - No protection yet
TT2: After 4 weeks - 3 years protection
TT3: 6 months after - 5 years protection
TT4: 1 year after TT3 - 10 years protection
TT5: 1 year after TT4 - Lifetime protection

Laboratory Examinations

Benedict's Test: Test for sugar in urine (diabetes).
- Heat test tube with Benedict's solution. Add urine. Heat again. Observe color change.
- Blue: no sugar, Green: trace of sugar, Yellow: traces of sugar, Orange: more traces of sugar, Brick red: surely diabetic
Acetic Acid Test: Test for albumin in urine (Pregnancy Induced HPN)
- Heat urine in test tube. Add acetic acid. Observe color change.
- Clear: no albumin. Cloudy: proteinuria

Delivery Care

Clean hands
Clean delivery surface
Clean umbilical cord
Use syntocinon for stimulating contractions after delivery.

Vitamin A for Pregnant Women

Dosage: 10,000 IU 3 times a week until term.
Start during the 4th or 5th month of pregnancy.
Do not combine with multivitamins. Enhances iron absorption.

Treatment/Prevention During Pregnancy

Malaria: Chloroguine (2 tablets/week).
- Safe for pregnant women in endemic areas.
Calcium (500mg once a day) - important for bone resorption

Folic Acid

Dosage: 500mg once a day for iron absorption and neural tube defects prevention.
Traditional Birth Attendant (TBA) needs to register births within 30 days to authorities
Pregnant women will get at least one check-up in each trimester.

High-Risk Pregnancies

Too young (less than 18 years old)
Too old (more than 34 years old)
Too many children (more than 4)
Too close pregnancies (less than 3 years interval)
Pregnancy while sick with chronic diseases (TB, malaria, iron deficiency)

Postnatal Care

Cord is cut between two clamps/tied using sterile scissors
Mother is watched for bleeding in the first two hours
Monitor uterus contraction, blood pressure, pulse rate and expulsion of placenta.
Monitor for lacerations along birth canal.

Newborn Care

Vital signs/reflexes using Apgar scoring.
7-10: Healthy baby
5-6: Mildly depressed baby
Below 4: Severely depressed (likely to die)
Midwives should be aware of TBAs' deliveries and register births
Newborns get their S-growth chart.

Home Deliveries

First visit: 24 hours after delivery
Following visit: one week after
Following visit: two to four weeks after

Qualifications for Home Deliveries

Full term
Less than 5 pregnancies
Cephalic presentation
No existing diseases (diabetes, asthma, heart disease, hypertension, goiter, tuberculosis, severe anemia)
No history of complications (hemorrhage) during previous deliveries
No difficult delivery or prolonged labor (over 24 hours)
No previous Cesarean section
No premature rupture of membranes
Adequate pelvis
Appropriate abdominal enlargement for gestational age

Family Planning Program

Desired number of children through safe and effective methods
Proper birth spacing (3-5 years apart) is best for mother and child health.
Goal: Provide access to family planning information and services.
Aims: Reduce infant, neonatal, under-five, and maternal deaths.

Family Planning Strategies

Focus service delivery to urban and rural poor.
Re-establish the FP outreach program.
Strengthen FP provision in regions with high unmet needs.
Promote frontline participation of hospitals
Mainstream modern natural FP
Implement CSR (Corporate Social Responsibility) strategy focusing on family planning.

Benefits of Family Planning (Mother, Children, Father)

Mother: Regains health post-delivery, time for love and attention to family, personal advancement, and treatment/recovery from illness.
Children: Healthy mothers produce healthy children. Receive love, security, and care.
Father: Less burden and responsibility in supporting family, time for family and personal advancement, and gives children needs (food, shelter, education, future).

Family Planning Methods

Permanent: Tubal ligation, Vasectomy
Natural: Basal body temperature charting, calendar calculation, cervical mucus monitoring
Artificial/Temporary: Condoms (male/female), Diaphragm, IUD, Oral pills (combined/progestin-only), NuvaRing, Injection (Depo-Provera)

Misconceptions About Family Planning (FP)

FP methods cause abortion.
Using contraceptives will render couples sterile, or cause loss of sexual desire.

Role of PHN in FP Program

Provide counseling to increase FP acceptance and reduce defaulters.
Provide health services to reproductive-age women within health facilities.
Ensure availability of FP supplies and logistics.

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Description

This quiz explores the goals and strategies of the Maternal Health Program in the Philippines. It covers key aspects such as maternal health goals, causes of maternal death, and government initiatives aimed at reducing maternal mortality. Test your knowledge on the essential factors contributing to maternal health and care.