Maternal Health in the Philippines
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is NOT a recognized cause of maternal death?

  • Delay in taking critical actions
  • Geographic distance from health facilities (correct)
  • Delay in providing appropriate medical management
  • Delay in making referrals

What is one of the key strategies implemented by the government to improve maternal health?

  • Offering financial incentives for prenatal visits
  • Increasing the number of family planning advertisements
  • Implementing mandatory pregnancy tests in schools
  • BEMOC strategy to enhance emergency care (correct)

Which of the following factors is most directly related to frequent pregnancies contributing to maternal death?

  • Poor detection and management of high risk pregnancies (correct)
  • Increased access to contraceptives
  • Regular health check-ups during pregnancy
  • Advancements in prenatal care

Which aspect is NOT included in the National Safe Motherhood Program's priority agenda?

<p>Providing mandatory maternal health education in schools (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one primary goal of the Maternal Health Program in the Philippines regarding maternal mortality rate (MMR)?

<p>To reduce the MMR by three-quarters by 2015 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the minimum interval recommended for proper birth spacing between children?

<p>3 to 5 years (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a qualification for home delivery?

<p>History of difficult delivery (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key aim of the family planning program?

<p>Reduce maternal deaths (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What benefit does family planning provide specifically for mothers?

<p>Regains health after delivery (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which strategy is NOT part of the family planning program?

<p>Promoting irrelevant services (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which pillar of family planning emphasizes the need for understanding and choice?

<p>Informed and voluntary choice (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who should assist a hilot in filling up the birth certificate for a newborn?

<p>A midwife (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should happen within four to six weeks after a home delivery?

<p>The mother must have a follow-up visit to the health facility (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT an emergency sign to check upon admission of a woman in labor?

<p>Slowed heart rate (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which supportive care is appropriate during labor?

<p>Encourage breathing techniques (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct timing for administering the first dose of tetanus toxoid during pregnancy?

<p>5th month of pregnancy (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many doses of tetanus toxoid immunization are necessary for a mother to be considered fully immunized?

<p>Two doses in total (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the 'three cleans' to be practiced during delivery?

<p>Clean delivery surface (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which medication is preferred over Methergin after the baby has been born?

<p>Oxytocin (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for counseling women on birth registration during maternal health care?

<p>To facilitate access to legal identification documents (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the duration of protection provided by the third dose of tetanus toxoid after its administration?

<p>5 years (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended dosage of Vitamin D for pregnant women starting from the 4th or 5th month?

<p>10,000 IU three times a week (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should not be given alongside multivitamins to avoid excessive Vitamin A intake?

<p>Iron supplements (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct dosage of Chloroquine for pregnant women traveling to a malaria-endemic area?

<p>One tablet weekly for two weeks (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How much calcium should pregnant women take daily for bone resorption?

<p>500mg once a day (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the daily dosage of Folic Acid recommended to prevent neural tube defects during pregnancy?

<p>500mg (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor does NOT classify a pregnancy as high risk?

<p>Getting pregnant while healthy (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When should the birth be registered according to Presidential Decree 651?

<p>Within 30 days of delivery (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What APGAR score indicates a healthy baby?

<p>7-10 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary benefit of a healthy mother for her children?

<p>They get all the attention, security, love, and care they deserve. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the Lactational Amenorrhea Method (LAM) rely on to prevent pregnancy?

<p>Exclusive breastfeeding until the mother’s period returns. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which family planning method involves a physical barrier to sperm entering the egg?

<p>Barrier method. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one disadvantage of the combined pill for women over 35 years old who smoke?

<p>It can increase the risk of blood clots. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What hormone is primarily responsible for the let-down reflex during breastfeeding?

<p>Oxytocin. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following methods is considered a permanent method of family planning?

<p>Tubal ligation. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does an Intrauterine Device (IUD) primarily function to prevent pregnancy?

<p>By thickening cervical mucus. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary action of the milk-ejecting reflex during breastfeeding?

<p>Releasing milk from the mammary glands. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Maternal Mortality Reduction Goal

The Philippines aims to significantly reduce maternal mortality rate (MMR) by a substantial amount by 2015 to meet a Millennium Development Goal (MDG).

National Safe Motherhood Program

A program that focuses on the health and well-being of women during pregnancy, including adolescent pregnancies and unmet family planning needs.

Causes of Maternal Deaths

Delays in critical actions, seeking care, referrals, and providing appropriate medical management.

Other contributing factors to maternal deaths

Closely spaced births, frequent pregnancies, poor detection/management of high-risk pregnancies, inadequate access to facilities due to distance, lack of capable healthcare staff.

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BEMOC Strategy

Basic Emergency Obstetric and Newborn Care approach to improve maternal health.

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Prenatal and Postnatal Visits

Essential checkups during and after pregnancy to monitor health.

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Responsible Parenthood

Encouraging planned pregnancies and family planning to reduce health risks for women.

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Essential Health Services

Packages of services offered in healthcare facilities, including prenatal registration, tetanus immunizations, micronutrient supplementation, disease treatments.

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Clean Delivery Practices

Three steps to ensure a safe delivery: clean hands, clean delivery surface, and clean cutting/care of umbilical cord.

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Emergency Signs (Mother)

Signs that require immediate attention during a delivery, including unconsciousness/convulsions, vaginal bleeding, severe abdominal pain, illness appearance, severe headache, visual disturbance, breathing difficulty, fever, severe vomiting.

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Stages of Labor Assessment

Determining the stage of labor to decide if the woman can deliver safely.

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Supportive Labor Care

Encouraging activities like bathing, drinking, emptying bladder, and breathing techniques during labor.

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Postpartum Care (Mother)

Close monitoring and supportive care within one hour after delivery, then continued care after one hour.

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Family Planning (FP) Counseling

Educating and counseling women on family planning methods.

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Maternal Health Messages (MCH)

Teaching and counseling women about important topics like birth registration, breastfeeding importance, and Newborn Screening (NBS).

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Tetanus Toxoid (TT) Immunization schedule

A schedule of 5 doses administered at specific stages of pregnancy to protect against tetanus.

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Fully Immunized Mother (FIM)

A mother who has received 2 doses of Tetanus Toxoid is considered Fully Immunized.

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Syntocinon Use

Medication used after birth to stimulate contractions and prevent heavy bleeding, also linked to first milk flow.

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Vitamin A for Pregnant Women

Vitamin A is important for pregnant women.

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Vitamin A Dosage

10,000 IU, 3 times a week, during months 4-5 of pregnancy

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Vitamin A and Iron

Vitamin A enhances iron absorption in the bone marrow.

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Chloroquine Use

Used to treat malaria. Safe for pregnant women in endemic areas.

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Chloroquine Dosage (Before)

1 tablet/week for 2 weeks; before entering a malaria-prone region.

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Chloroquine Dosage (In Region)

1 tablet/week for 4 weeks; while in a malaria region.

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Chloroquine Dosage (Arrival)

1 tablet/week for 2 weeks; upon arrival in malaria region.

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Calcium Dosage

500mg daily for bone health; during pregnancy.

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Folic Acid Dosage

500mg daily for iron absorption; prevents spina bifida.

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Traditional Birth Attendant (TBA)

Hilot, allowed to deliver; must report to a Healthcare unit. Must register birth within 30 days.

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Quality Antenatal Check-Ups

At least one check-up per trimester.

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High-Risk Pregnancies

Pregnancies with factors putting them at increased risk.

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High-Risk Factors

Age (<18 or >34), too many children, too close in time, sickness (TB, Malaria, iron deficiency).

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Postnatal Care - Mother

Close monitoring for bleeding, uterine contraction, blood pressure, pulse, and placenta expulsion within first two hours.

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Postnatal Care - Baby

Assessing baby's vital signs/reflexes using Apgar scoring (7-10: healthy, 4 below: critical).

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Home Delivery Qualifications

Criteria for mothers suitable for home births, including full-term pregnancies, fewer than five prior pregnancies, cephalic presentation, absence of pre-existing diseases, no prior delivery complications, no difficult labor history, no prior C-sections, imminent delivery, no premature rupture of membranes, adequate pelvis, appropriate abdominal enlargement.

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Postpartum Visits

Follow-up visits after childbirth. First visit within 24 hours, subsequent visits at least one week and two to four weeks later, and finally within four to six weeks.

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Family Planning (FP)

Having desired number of children at desired times through safe and effective modern methods and proper birth spacing (3-5 years).

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FP Goals

Reduce infant, neonatal, under-five, and maternal deaths by providing access to FP information and services.

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FP Strategies

Prioritizing service delivery to poor urban/rural areas, strengthening outreach, FP provision in high-need areas, involving hospitals, promoting modern natural FP, and implementing CSR (Corporate Social Responsibility).

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FP Pillars

Responsible parenthood, respect for life, birth spacing, and informed and voluntary choice.

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Birth Certificate

Official record of a baby's birth. It should be filled by the attendant at birth (with midwife assistance, if needed).

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Growth Monitoring Chart

Chart to track a newborn's growth. Newborns should be enrolled.

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TBAs Reporting

Traditional birth attendants (TBAs) must report deliveries to the nearest health facility for ongoing care.

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Family Planning Methods

Strategies to control family size and timing of pregnancies.

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Tubal Ligation

A permanent birth control method for women, where fallopian tubes are blocked.

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Vasectomy

A permanent birth control method for men, where vas deferens are cut.

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Basal Body Temperature Charting

A natural family planning method that tracks changes in body temperature to identify fertile periods.

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Lactational Amenorrhea Method (LAM)

A temporary birth control method where exclusive breastfeeding can prevent pregnancy for up to six months after birth.

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Maternal Reflexes in Breastfeeding

Three physiological responses important for breastfeeding: milk secreting reflex, let-down, and milk ejection.

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Condoms (Male)

Barrier method of birth control that physically blocks sperm from reaching egg.

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Condoms (Female)

Barrier method of birth control for women that physically blocks sperm from reaching egg.

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Diaphragm (birth control)

Dome-shaped device that fits over the cervix to prevent pregnancy.

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Intrauterine Device (IUD)

A long-acting reversible contraceptive device placed in the uterus.

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Combined Pill

Birth control pill containing estrogen and progestin to prevent ovulation.

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Study Notes

DOH Program Goals

  • Ensure every expectant and nursing mother maintains good health
  • Teach the art of child care
  • Have normal delivery and healthy children

Maternal Health Program

  • The Philippines aims to reduce MMR by three-quarters by 2015 to meet a Millennium Development Goal.
  • The National Safe Motherhood Program focuses on women's health throughout pregnancy.
  • It also includes adolescents, pregnant women, and seeks to meet unmet needs for family planning and contraceptives.

Causes of Maternal Death

  • Delay in taking critical actions
  • Delay in seeking care
  • Delay in making referrals
  • Delay in providing appropriate medical management

Other Factors Contributing to Maternal Death

  • Deaths including closely spaced births
  • Frequent pregnancy
  • Poor detection and management of high-risk pregnancies
  • Poor access to health facilities due to geographic distance
  • Lack of health staff and competence

Government Actions to Combat Maternal Deaths

  • Basic Emergency Obstetric and Newborn Care (BEMOC) strategy
  • Improve the quality of prenatal and postnatal visits
  • Reduce women's exposure to health risks through responsible parenthood
  • LGUs, NGOs, and other stakeholders must advocate for health through resource generation.

Antenatal Registration

  • 1st Visit: As early as possible before four months or during the first trimester
  • 2nd Visit: During the second trimester
  • 3rd Visit: During the third trimester
  • Every 2 weeks: After the eighth month of pregnancy until term

Tetanus Toxoid Immunization

  • Controversial issue: previously discouraged due to potential for abortion. (AO 15 reinitiated this but for delivery after 5th month of pregnancy)

Tetanus Toxoid Schedule

  • TT1: 5th month of pregnancy - No protection yet
  • TT2: After 4 weeks - 3 years protection
  • TT3: 6 months after - 5 years protection
  • TT4: 1 year after TT3 - 10 years protection
  • TT5: 1 year after TT4 - Lifetime protection

Laboratory Examinations

  • Benedict's Test: Test for sugar in urine (diabetes).
    • Heat test tube with Benedict's solution. Add urine. Heat again. Observe color change.
    • Blue: no sugar, Green: trace of sugar, Yellow: traces of sugar, Orange: more traces of sugar, Brick red: surely diabetic
  • Acetic Acid Test: Test for albumin in urine (Pregnancy Induced HPN)
    • Heat urine in test tube. Add acetic acid. Observe color change.
    • Clear: no albumin. Cloudy: proteinuria

Delivery Care

  • Clean hands
  • Clean delivery surface
  • Clean umbilical cord
  • Use syntocinon for stimulating contractions after delivery.

Vitamin A for Pregnant Women

  • Dosage: 10,000 IU 3 times a week until term.
  • Start during the 4th or 5th month of pregnancy.
  • Do not combine with multivitamins. Enhances iron absorption.

Treatment/Prevention During Pregnancy

  • Malaria: Chloroguine (2 tablets/week).
    • Safe for pregnant women in endemic areas.
  • Calcium (500mg once a day) - important for bone resorption

Folic Acid

  • Dosage: 500mg once a day for iron absorption and neural tube defects prevention.
  • Traditional Birth Attendant (TBA) needs to register births within 30 days to authorities
  • Pregnant women will get at least one check-up in each trimester.

High-Risk Pregnancies

  • Too young (less than 18 years old)
  • Too old (more than 34 years old)
  • Too many children (more than 4)
  • Too close pregnancies (less than 3 years interval)
  • Pregnancy while sick with chronic diseases (TB, malaria, iron deficiency)

Postnatal Care

  • Cord is cut between two clamps/tied using sterile scissors
  • Mother is watched for bleeding in the first two hours
  • Monitor uterus contraction, blood pressure, pulse rate and expulsion of placenta.
  • Monitor for lacerations along birth canal.

Newborn Care

  • Vital signs/reflexes using Apgar scoring.
  • 7-10: Healthy baby
  • 5-6: Mildly depressed baby
  • Below 4: Severely depressed (likely to die)
  • Midwives should be aware of TBAs' deliveries and register births
  • Newborns get their S-growth chart.

Home Deliveries

  • First visit: 24 hours after delivery
  • Following visit: one week after
  • Following visit: two to four weeks after

Qualifications for Home Deliveries

  • Full term
  • Less than 5 pregnancies
  • Cephalic presentation
  • No existing diseases (diabetes, asthma, heart disease, hypertension, goiter, tuberculosis, severe anemia)
  • No history of complications (hemorrhage) during previous deliveries
  • No difficult delivery or prolonged labor (over 24 hours)
  • No previous Cesarean section
  • No premature rupture of membranes
  • Adequate pelvis
  • Appropriate abdominal enlargement for gestational age

Family Planning Program

  • Desired number of children through safe and effective methods
  • Proper birth spacing (3-5 years apart) is best for mother and child health.
  • Goal: Provide access to family planning information and services.
  • Aims: Reduce infant, neonatal, under-five, and maternal deaths.

Family Planning Strategies

  • Focus service delivery to urban and rural poor.
  • Re-establish the FP outreach program.
  • Strengthen FP provision in regions with high unmet needs.
  • Promote frontline participation of hospitals
  • Mainstream modern natural FP
  • Implement CSR (Corporate Social Responsibility) strategy focusing on family planning.

Benefits of Family Planning (Mother, Children, Father)

  • Mother: Regains health post-delivery, time for love and attention to family, personal advancement, and treatment/recovery from illness.
  • Children: Healthy mothers produce healthy children. Receive love, security, and care.
  • Father: Less burden and responsibility in supporting family, time for family and personal advancement, and gives children needs (food, shelter, education, future).

Family Planning Methods

  • Permanent: Tubal ligation, Vasectomy
  • Natural: Basal body temperature charting, calendar calculation, cervical mucus monitoring
  • Artificial/Temporary: Condoms (male/female), Diaphragm, IUD, Oral pills (combined/progestin-only), NuvaRing, Injection (Depo-Provera)

Misconceptions About Family Planning (FP)

  • FP methods cause abortion.
  • Using contraceptives will render couples sterile, or cause loss of sexual desire.

Role of PHN in FP Program

  • Provide counseling to increase FP acceptance and reduce defaulters.
  • Provide health services to reproductive-age women within health facilities.
  • Ensure availability of FP supplies and logistics.

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Related Documents

DOH Program: Maternal & Family Planning PDF

Description

This quiz explores the goals and strategies of the Maternal Health Program in the Philippines. It covers key aspects such as maternal health goals, causes of maternal death, and government initiatives aimed at reducing maternal mortality. Test your knowledge on the essential factors contributing to maternal health and care.

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