Mastering Therapeutics for Overactive Immune Responses
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Questions and Answers

Which drug is considered to have a broad effect and is not specific or targeted?

  • Chlorambucil
  • Prednisolone (correct)
  • Ciclosporin
  • Azathioprine

    • What is the first line treatment for most immune mediated diseases (IMDs) in dogs and cats?

  • Azathioprine
  • Chlorambucil
  • Prednisolone (correct)
  • Ciclosporin

    • Which drug is often used in combination with glucocorticoids to reduce the side effects of steroid treatment?

  • Chlorambucil
  • Azathioprine (correct)
  • Ciclosporin
  • Mycophenolate

    • Which drug should NEVER be used in cats as an immune suppressive agent?

    <p>Azathioprine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which substance is commonly used to manage inflammatory conditions and protein losing nephropathy in dogs and cats?

    <p>Omega 3 fatty acids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nutrient is involved in enhancing and potentiating the immune response against pathogens?

    <p>Vitamin D</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nutrient is involved in reducing production of inflammatory mediators and attenuating the inflammatory and innate immune responses?

    <p>Omega 3 fatty acids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nutrient deficiency is considered a risk factor related to the development of immune mediated diseases in people?

    <p>Vitamin D</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which immune suppressive drug is traditionally used as 1st line treatment for immune suppression in dogs and cats with immune mediated diseases?

    <p>Glucocorticoids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which drug has a rapid onset of action, is cheap and available, and is licensed for use in dogs and cats?

    <p>Prednisolone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes an overactive immune response?

    <p>An inappropriate or extreme triggering of the immune system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of treatments for managing an overactive immune response?

    <p>To control the overactive immune response</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In primary or idiopathic immune mediated diseases, treatments are directed against:

    <p>The overactive immune response</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In secondary immune mediated diseases, treatments should ideally be directed against:

    <p>The trigger factor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an immunomodulatory drug?

    <p>A substance that stimulates or suppresses the immune system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a specific immunomodulatory drug?

    <p>A drug targeted against a specific component of the immune system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does a specific immunomodulatory drug achieve specificity?

    <p>By binding to an immune protein or receptor to prevent further damage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of monoclonal antibodies in immunomodulatory drugs?

    <p>To bind to an immune protein and prevent interaction with a receptor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of interleukin 1 receptor antagonist (IL-1RA) in immunomodulatory drugs?

    <p>To specifically inhibit inflammatory cytokines</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Do veterinarians use specific immunomodulatory drugs?

    <p>Yes, veterinarians use specific immunomodulatory drugs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In diseased states, which amino acid can become essential?

    <p>Glutamine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which amino acid has vital roles in nitrogen metabolism, immune modulation, and anti-oxidant function?

    <p>Glutamine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which drug blocks the transcription of genes required for T cell activation?

    <p>Ciclosporine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which drug decreases IL-2 production, resulting in a decrease in clonal proliferation of T cells and B cells?

    <p>Ciclosporine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which drug alters the function of granulocytes, macrophages, NK cells, eosinophils, and mast cells?

    <p>Ciclosporine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which drug has rapid onset of action and is often used in combination with prednisolone for its steroid sparing effects?

    <p>Ciclosporine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which drug is licensed for use in atopic dermatitis but is also increasing in use for immune-mediated diseases (IMDs)?

    <p>Ciclosporine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which drug is a cytotoxic drug that inhibits DNA and RNA synthesis, likely affecting cell mediated immunity?

    <p>Azathioprine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of an immunomodulatory drug?

    <p>An immunomodulatory drug is used to modify the immune response to help manage immune-mediated diseases or in cancer treatments.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does a specific immunomodulatory drug achieve specificity?

    <p>A specific immunomodulatory drug achieves specificity by binding to an immune protein to prevent interaction with a receptor, effectively blocking the receptor and making it no longer susceptible to attack by abnormal immune system components.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Do veterinarians use specific immunomodulatory drugs?

    <p>Yes, veterinarians use specific immunomodulatory drugs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the criteria for determining specificity of an immunomodulatory drug?

    <p>The ability of the drug to bind to an immune protein to prevent interaction with a receptor, and the ability to specifically inhibit inflammatory cytokines.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In primary or idiopathic immune mediated diseases, what are the treatments directed against?

    <p>In primary or idiopathic immune mediated diseases, treatments are directed against the overactive immune response.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are some common examples of immune suppressive drugs?

    <ul> <li>glucocorticoids</li> <li>ciclosporin</li> <li>azathioprine (NEVER in cats)</li> <li>chlorambucil</li> <li>mycophenolate</li> <li>leflunomide</li> </ul> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the adverse effects of prednisolone?

    <ul> <li>increased risk of bacterial infection</li> <li>increased risk of thrombosis and thromboembolic disease</li> <li>iatrogenic hyperadrenocorticism (&quot;Cushing's disease&quot;)</li> </ul> Signup and view all the answers

    What are some naturally occurring supplements that can modulate inflammation and the immune response?

    <ul> <li>Vitamin D</li> <li>Omega 3 fatty acids</li> </ul> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of Vitamin D in the immune system?

    <ul> <li>enhancing and potentiating the immune response against pathogens</li> <li>modulation of the adaptive immune system</li> </ul> Signup and view all the answers

    What are some current clinical uses of omega 3 fatty acids in veterinary medicine?

    <ul> <li>managing inflammatory conditions</li> <li>managing protein losing nephropathy (might be an immune mediated glomerulopathy) in dogs and cats</li> </ul> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the important roles of glutamine?

    <p>Glutamine is the preferred energy source for enterocytes and plays vital roles in nitrogen metabolism, immune modulation, and anti-oxidant function.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mode of action of ciclosporine?

    <p>Ciclosporine blocks transcription of genes required for T cell activation and decreases IL-2 production, resulting in a decrease in clonal proliferation of T cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the clinical uses of ciclosporine?

    <p>Ciclosporine has a rapid onset of action and is often used in combination with prednisolone. It is licensed for use in atopic dermatitis and is also increasing in use for immune-mediated diseases (IMDs).</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the adverse effects of azathioprine?

    <p>The adverse effects of azathioprine include myelosuppression, hepatotoxicity, and acute pancreatitis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mode of action of azathioprine?

    <p>Azathioprine is a cytotoxic drug that inhibits DNA and RNA synthesis, likely affecting cell-mediated immunity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

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