Mastering Pharmacokinetics
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is true about pharmacokinetics?

  • Pharmacokinetics is the study of drug metabolism.
  • Pharmacokinetics is the study of drug elimination.
  • Pharmacokinetics is the study of drug interactions.
  • Pharmacokinetics is the study of how drugs move within the body. (correct)

    • What is the purpose of calculating pharmacokinetic properties?

  • To determine the half-life of a drug.
  • To study drug interactions.
  • To calculate the clearance of a drug.
  • To model how drugs move within the body. (correct)

    • What is the one compartment model in pharmacokinetics?

  • A model of drug metabolism in the body.
  • A model of drug elimination in the body.
  • A model of the body as a single, homogenous vessel. (correct)
  • A model of drug interactions in the body.

    • What is the rate of drug elimination in first order kinetics?

    <p>The rate of drug elimination is directly proportional to the concentration of drug.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between first order and zero order kinetics?

    <p>In first order kinetics, the rate of metabolism is proportional to drug concentration, while in zero order kinetics, the rate of metabolism becomes independent of drug concentration.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can happen in zero order kinetics?

    <p>Drug concentration can increase in the body, leading to potential toxic side effects.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can be determined using the one compartment model in pharmacokinetics?

    <p>The volume of distribution of a drug.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which one of these equations correctly represents the volume of distribution (Vd)?

    <p>Vd = amount drug body / [drug] plasma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between plasma concentration (Cp) and volume of distribution (Vd)?

    <p>High Vd - Accumulated in peripheral tissues, low plasma concentration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the equation to calculate the dose of a drug (D)?

    <p>Dose = Vd * [drug] plasma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the equation to calculate the volume of distribution (Vd)?

    <p>Vd = Dose / [drug] plasma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the equation to calculate the half-life (t1/2) of a drug?

    <p>t1/2 = 0.693 / k</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the equation to calculate the half-life (t1/2) of a drug from a concentration-time graph?

    <p>t1/2 = (t2 - t1) / 0.693</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the equation to calculate the initial concentration of drug in plasma (C0)?

    <p>C0 = Dose / Vd</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which formula can be used to calculate the half-life of a drug if the elimination rate constant (Kel) is known?

    <p>t1/2 = 0.693/Kel</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the pharmacokinetic parameter that most significantly limits the time course of action of a drug?

    <p>Clearance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the formula to calculate the total clearance (Cl total) of a drug?

    <p>Cl total = Cl renal + Cl liver + Cl lungs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can the clearance (Cl) of a drug be calculated using the elimination half-life (t1/2) and volume of distribution (Vd)?

    <p>Cl = (0.693/ t1/2 ) x Vd</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the equilibrium point called where the amount of drug administered exactly replaces the amount of drug excreted?

    <p>Steady state</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can the steady state concentration (Css) be calculated?

    <p>Css = Bioavailability x Dose / Interval x Clearance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the loading dose formula to achieve a desired steady state plasma concentration (Css)?

    <p>Loading dose = Vd x desired Css</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the formula to calculate the volume of distribution (Vd) of a drug if the dose (Dose) and initial plasma concentration (C0) are known?

    <p>Vd = Dose / C0</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between the drug's half-life and the time required to reach steady state?

    <p>The shorter the half-life, the more rapidly steady state is reached</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process in pharmacokinetics involves the transfer of the drug from its site of administration to the general circulation?

    <p>Absorption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary route of drug elimination in pharmacokinetics?

    <p>Urine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the equation to calculate the volume of distribution (Vd) of a drug?

    <p>Vd = Cl / Css</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which pharmacokinetic parameter most significantly limits the time course of action of a drug?

    <p>Half-life</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the equation to calculate the loading dose of a drug to achieve a desired steady state plasma concentration (Css)?

    <p>Loading dose = Css x Vd</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between drugs with long and short half-lives?

    <p>Drugs with long half-lives have longer duration of action.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the equation to calculate the half-life (t1/2) of a drug from a concentration-time graph?

    <p>t1/2 = 0.693 / Kel</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which one of the following best describes the typical concentration-time curve for a drug with first order kinetics?

    <p>The concentration of the drug decreases exponentially over time.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the importance of zero order (saturation) kinetics?

    <p>Zero order kinetics allows for a constant rate of drug elimination.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is volume of distribution defined in pharmacology?

    <p>Volume of distribution is the theoretical volume in which the drug is uniformly distributed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is clearance in pharmacology?

    <p>Clearance is the rate at which a drug is eliminated from the body.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is half-life defined in pharmacology?

    <p>Half-life is the time it takes for the drug concentration to decrease by half.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the factors that determine the choice of dose, route, and frequency of drug administration?

    <p>Pharmacokinetic factors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the rationale for loading doses?

    <p>Loading doses are used to quickly achieve therapeutic drug levels.</p> Signup and view all the answers

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