GERD (Overview)

<p>Difficulty swallowing and chest pain</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>After two weeks</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Two or more times per week</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Development of Barrett's esophagus</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pain while swallowing</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Regurgitation</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Erosion of the esophagus lining</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Avoiding carbonated drinks</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>8 weeks</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Continuing with the same dose of PPIs</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Metoclopramide</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>2 hours before or after</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Constipation</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mylanta Supreme</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Phillip's Milk of Magnesia (MOM)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Erlotinib</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sodium bicarbonate and aspirin</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Histamine-2 receptor antagonists (H2RAs)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Omeprazole (Prilosec)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Gynecomastia</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Dexlansoprazole (Dexilant)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cimetidine (Tagamet)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Omeprazole + Sodium Bicarb (Zegerid)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Prokinetic dopamine antagonists</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Tardive dyskinesia</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Headache, vomiting in children under one year old, gynecomastia, impotence, increased serum creatinine levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea (CDAD), osteoporosis-related fractures, hypomagnesemia, vitamin B12 deficiency, nephritis, systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), gastrointestinal infections, pneumonia</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Drowsiness, restlessness, fatigue, hypertension, pro-arrhythmic effects, diarrhea</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Depression, EPS, acute dystonia, Parkinson-like symptoms, neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Weight loss, elevating the head of the bed, avoiding high-fat meals within two to three hours of bedtime, and steering clear of trigger foods and beverages such as caffeine, chocolate, acidic or spicy foods, and carbonated drinks.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Untreated GERD can significantly affect an individual's well-being and quality of life.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Delavirdine, Dasatanib, Pazopanib, Erlotinib, Rilpivirine, Velpatasvir/Sofosbuvir (Epclusa), Risedronate (Altevia), Erlot</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pain while swallowing (odynophagia) = Alarm symptom that should prompt immediate medical attention Heartburn = Common symptom of GERD Hypersalivation = Symptom that can indicate GERD diagnosis Nausea/vomiting = Alarm symptom that should prompt immediate medical attention</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Metoclopramide = Drowsiness, restlessness, fatigue, hypertension, pro-arrhythmic effects, and diarrhea Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) = Black box warning associated with long-term use Dopamine antagonists = Increase gastric emptying and can cause drowsiness, restlessness, fatigue, hypertension, pro-arrhythmic effects, and diarrhea Antacids = Potential systemic absorption and long-lasting relief</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) = A common condition that affects millions of people worldwide, where the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) fails to function properly Barrett's esophagus = Abnormal cell growth in the esophagus, which can increase the risk of cancer Lower esophageal sphincter (LES) = A muscular ring that separates the stomach from the esophagus Epigastric pain = A symptom commonly associated with GERD</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cimetidine = Gynecomastia, impotence, and increased serum creatinine levels Famotidine = ECG/QT prolongation Ranitidine = ALTs elevation Metoclopramide = Tardive dyskinesia</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Dexlansoparazole = Can be taken without regard to meals All other PPIs = 30-60 minutes before breakfast H2RAs = 30-60 minutes before a meal Metoclopramide = Four times daily before meals and at bedtime</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>H2RAs = Reversibly inhibiting H2 receptors, reducing acid secretion in the stomach PPIs = Irreversibly inhibiting the H+/K+ ATPase pump, blocking acid production in the stomach Antacids = Neutralizing excess stomach acid Metoclopramide = Increasing gastric emptying</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Metoclopramide = Use is generally avoided in patients with Parkinson's disease or those taking antipsychotic medications PPIs = Can interact with certain medications, such as clopidogrel, reducing its effectiveness H2RAs = Should be used with caution in individuals who are severely ill or have renal or hepatic impairment Cimetidine = Should be avoided altogether</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Antacids = Unpleasant taste, constipation, bloating, belching, hypophosphatemia, and loose stools Proton Pump Inhibitors (PPIs) = Decreased absorption of certain medications, potential for long-term side effects Metoclopramide = Drowsiness, restlessness, fatigue, hypertension, pro-arrhythmic effects, and diarrhea Histamine-2 Receptor Antagonists (H2RAs) = No erosive symptoms, provide symptom relief</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Antacids = Quick relief, short duration, up to 4-6 times daily Proton Pump Inhibitors (PPIs) = Initial pharmacological treatment if symptoms persist after lifestyle modifications Histamine-2 Receptor Antagonists (H2RAs) = No erosive symptoms, provide symptom relief Metoclopramide or Sucralfate = Not recommended for the treatment of GERD</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Antacids, H2RAs, or PPIs = Decreased absorption of certain medications Delavirdine, Dasatanib, Pazopanib, Erlotinib, Rilpivirine Velpatasvir/Sofosbuvir (Epclusa), Risedronate (Altevia), Erlot = Should be avoided completely when taking antacids, H2RAs, or PPIs Anti-Retrovirals Delavirdine Rilpivirine Atazanavir Dolutegravir Elvitegravir Raltegravir Iron Products FQ's Anti-Virals Ledipasvir Velpatasvir Sofosbuvir Bisphosphonates Mesalamine Sotalol Azoles Itra, Keto, Posa Isoniazid Risedronate DR Steroids + Thyroid products Cephalosporins Cefditoren Cefpodoxime Cefuroxime Mycophenolate Tyrosine Kinase inhibitors Tetracyclines = May have decreased absorption when taken with antacids, H2RAs, or PPIs</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Antacids = Unpleasant taste, constipation, bloating, belching, hypophosphatemia, and loose stools Proton Pump Inhibitors (PPIs) = Decreased absorption of certain medications, potential for long-term side effects Metoclopramide = Drowsiness, restlessness, fatigue, hypertension, pro-arrhythmic effects, and diarrhea Histamine-2 Receptor Antagonists (H2RAs) = No erosive symptoms, provide symptom relief</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The LES helps prevent acidic gastric contents from flowing back into the esophagus.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Untreated GERD can result in erosion, strictures, bleeding, and even the development of abnormal cell growth in the esophagus known as Barrett's esophagus, which can increase the risk of cancer.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Alarm symptoms of GERD include pain while swallowing (odynophagia), difficulty swallowing (dysphagia), nausea/vomiting, hematemesis (vomiting blood), black or bloody stools, or unexplained weight loss.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The potential consequences of untreated GERD include erosion, strictures, bleeding, and the development of abnormal cell growth in the esophagus known as Barrett's esophagus, which can increase the risk of cancer.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The alarm symptoms that should prompt immediate medical attention include pain while swallowing (odynophagia), difficulty swallowing (dysphagia), nausea/vomiting, hematemesis (vomiting blood), black or bloody stools, or unexplained weight loss.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The lower esophageal sphincter (LES) is a muscular ring that separates the stomach from the esophagus. Its role is to prevent acidic gastric contents from flowing back into the esophagus.</p> Signup and view all the answers