Week 1 Slides - Social Animal

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Which one of the following is NOT a goal of science?

Manipulation (correct)
Explanation
Description
Prediction

What is the key distinction between knowing that an event occurs and knowing why it occurs?

Knowing that an event occurs is based on understanding the underlying reasons, while knowing why it occurs requires observation.
Knowing that an event occurs is based on observation, while knowing why it occurs requires experimentation.
Knowing that an event occurs is based on observation, while knowing why it occurs requires understanding the underlying reasons. (correct)
Knowing that an event occurs is based on experimentation, while knowing why it occurs requires observation.

Which of the following is a limitation of correlational research?

It cannot infer causation from correlation. (correct)
It cannot predict the behavior of one variable based on another.
It cannot determine the direction and magnitude of the relationship between variables.
It cannot manipulate variables for experimentation.

What is the primary advantage of experimental research?

It can manipulate variables to establish cause-and-effect relationships. (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of variable is intentionally changed or controlled by the researcher in experimental research?

Independent variable (C) Signup and view all the answers

According to the text, what is the fundamental concept of the Evolutionary Approach?

Understanding human behavior through the lens of evolutionary history. (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is an illustrative example provided for the Culture Approach?

Attitudes towards individualism and collectivism (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the core principle of the Phenomenological Assumption?

The belief that individual perceptions and interpretations of situations shape their reality and subsequent behaviors. (A) Signup and view all the answers

What are the resultant response components according to the Phenomenological Assumption?

Emotional reactions and overt behavior (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the goals of science according to the text?

To understand the natural world through observation and experimentation (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a key principle in experimental research that helps in isolating the effect of the independent variable on the dependent variable?

Random assignment (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of random sampling in experimental research?

To create a research sample that is representative of a larger population (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of replication aims to determine if the original findings generalize across different contexts?

Conceptual replication (A) Signup and view all the answers

What does statistical inference in research help establish?

The validity and reliability of research findings (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the threshold for a result to be considered statistically significant?

Less than a 5% probability (p < 0.05) (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a fundamental concept in social psychology?

Importance of People (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is an illustrative example of the importance of culture in shaping human behavior?

Eye contact (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is a key insight related to the importance of people in social psychology?

Recognizing the inherent social nature of humans (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of a behavior shaped by specific cultural contexts?

Eye contact (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which one of the following best describes operationalization?

The process of translating conceptual variables into concrete procedures in research (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of statistical control in correlational research?

To control for potential confounding variables (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the challenge for researchers in striking a balance between internal and external validity?

Navigating the tradeoffs between internal and external validity (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is participant reactivity in the context of research?

The phenomenon where participants change their behavior due to being observed or manipulated (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which solution aims to capture genuine, unaltered behavior without the influence of observation or experimental conditions?

Field study (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of validity refers to the extent to which a study accurately reflects or assesses the specific concept it aims to measure?

Construct Validity (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the key concept of internal validity?

Ensuring that changes in the independent variable (IV) are what caused changes in the dependent variable (DV) (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the key concept of external validity?

Applying findings from a controlled, laboratory setting to real-world situations (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the tradeoff of experimental research in terms of validity?

Maximizes internal validity but sacrifices external validity (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the tradeoff of correlational research in terms of validity?

Maximizes external validity but sacrifices internal validity (A) Signup and view all the answers