Actual DNA SYNTHESIS QUIZ

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Which direction does DNA read along the backbone?

Both directions

Neither direction

3' -> 5'

5' -> 3' (correct)

What type of bond connects nucleotides in a DNA chain?

Hydrogen bond

Covalent bond

Ionic bond

Phosphodiester bond (correct)

What type of charge does DNA have?

Variable charge

Positive charge

Neutral charge

Negative charge (correct)

Which proteins are responsible for melting the bonds at the origin of replication (Ori) during DNA replication in prokaryotes?

DnaA Signup and view all the answers

Where does DNA replication initiation occur in eukaryotes?

At multiple sites Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the highly condensed structure in which DNA wraps around histone proteins?

Heterochromatin Signup and view all the answers

During which phase of the cell cycle does DNA synthesis occur?

S phase Signup and view all the answers

Which DNA repair mechanism is responsible for removing damaged bases from the DNA molecule?

Base excision repair Signup and view all the answers

Which DNA repair mechanism is involved in repairing larger mutations that distort the DNA structure, such as UV damage?

Nucleotide excision repair Signup and view all the answers

Which DNA repair mechanism is responsible for correcting errors made during DNA replication?

Mismatch excision repair Signup and view all the answers

Which DNA repair mechanism is involved in repairing double strand breaks and can cause genomic rearrangements?

DNA strand break repair Signup and view all the answers

Which DNA repair mechanism requires sister chromatids and occurs during S and G2 phases of the cell cycle?

Homologous recombination Signup and view all the answers

Which DNA repair mechanism does not require a repair template and directly ligates broken ends?

Nonhomologous end joining Signup and view all the answers

Which DNA repair mechanism is responsible for maintaining telomeric length in cells?

Telomerase Signup and view all the answers

Which enzyme synthesizes the ends of linear chromosomes?

Telomerase Signup and view all the answers

In which direction does DNA polymerase read the parental template strand?

3′-to-5′ Signup and view all the answers

In which direction does DNA synthesis proceed?

5′-to-3′ Signup and view all the answers

What are the precursors for replication?

Deoxyribonucleotide triphosphates Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of primase?

Provides an RNA primer for DNA replication Signup and view all the answers

What are the small fragments created during discontinuous synthesis called?

Okazaki fragments Signup and view all the answers

Which repair system functions to maintain the integrity of the genome?

Mismatch repair system Signup and view all the answers

Which repair pathway involves the removal of incorrect bases with a few surrounding bases?

Nucleotide excision repair Signup and view all the answers

Which repair pathway involves the joining of broken DNA ends without the need for a homologous template?

DNA non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ) Signup and view all the answers

Which protein binds to the DnaA Box within Ori to initiate DNA replication?

DnaA Protein Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of DNA Helicase in DNA replication?

Binds to ssDNA at Ori and moves towards the double-stranded region to force the strands apart Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of Single-stranded Binding (SSB) Proteins in DNA replication?

Binds ssDNA created by Helicase and keeps the strands separated in replication bubble Signup and view all the answers

Which type of Topoisomerase removes supercoils in the DNA double helix by cleaving one or both DNA strands?

Topoisomerase I Signup and view all the answers

Which DNA polymerase synthesizes the leading strand continuously in the 5' to 3' direction?

DNA Polymerase III Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of a primer in DNA replication?

To synthesize short RNA strands complementary to DNA Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of DNA polymerase I in DNA replication?

To remove RNA primers and replace them with DNA Signup and view all the answers