Actual DNA SYNTHESIS QUIZ
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Questions and Answers

Which direction does DNA read along the backbone?

  • Both directions
  • Neither direction
  • 3' -> 5'
  • 5' -> 3' (correct)

    • What type of bond connects nucleotides in a DNA chain?

  • Hydrogen bond
  • Covalent bond
  • Ionic bond
  • Phosphodiester bond (correct)

    • What type of charge does DNA have?

  • Variable charge
  • Positive charge
  • Neutral charge
  • Negative charge (correct)

    • Which proteins are responsible for melting the bonds at the origin of replication (Ori) during DNA replication in prokaryotes?

    <p>DnaA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does DNA replication initiation occur in eukaryotes?

    <p>At multiple sites</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the highly condensed structure in which DNA wraps around histone proteins?

    <p>Heterochromatin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which phase of the cell cycle does DNA synthesis occur?

    <p>S phase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which DNA repair mechanism is responsible for removing damaged bases from the DNA molecule?

    <p>Base excision repair</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which DNA repair mechanism is involved in repairing larger mutations that distort the DNA structure, such as UV damage?

    <p>Nucleotide excision repair</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which DNA repair mechanism is responsible for correcting errors made during DNA replication?

    <p>Mismatch excision repair</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which DNA repair mechanism is involved in repairing double strand breaks and can cause genomic rearrangements?

    <p>DNA strand break repair</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which DNA repair mechanism requires sister chromatids and occurs during S and G2 phases of the cell cycle?

    <p>Homologous recombination</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which DNA repair mechanism does not require a repair template and directly ligates broken ends?

    <p>Nonhomologous end joining</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which DNA repair mechanism is responsible for maintaining telomeric length in cells?

    <p>Telomerase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which enzyme synthesizes the ends of linear chromosomes?

    <p>Telomerase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which direction does DNA polymerase read the parental template strand?

    <p>3′-to-5′</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which direction does DNA synthesis proceed?

    <p>5′-to-3′</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the precursors for replication?

    <p>Deoxyribonucleotide triphosphates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of primase?

    <p>Provides an RNA primer for DNA replication</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the small fragments created during discontinuous synthesis called?

    <p>Okazaki fragments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which repair system functions to maintain the integrity of the genome?

    <p>Mismatch repair system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which repair pathway involves the removal of incorrect bases with a few surrounding bases?

    <p>Nucleotide excision repair</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which repair pathway involves the joining of broken DNA ends without the need for a homologous template?

    <p>DNA non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which protein binds to the DnaA Box within Ori to initiate DNA replication?

    <p>DnaA Protein</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of DNA Helicase in DNA replication?

    <p>Binds to ssDNA at Ori and moves towards the double-stranded region to force the strands apart</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of Single-stranded Binding (SSB) Proteins in DNA replication?

    <p>Binds ssDNA created by Helicase and keeps the strands separated in replication bubble</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of Topoisomerase removes supercoils in the DNA double helix by cleaving one or both DNA strands?

    <p>Topoisomerase I</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which DNA polymerase synthesizes the leading strand continuously in the 5' to 3' direction?

    <p>DNA Polymerase III</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of a primer in DNA replication?

    <p>To synthesize short RNA strands complementary to DNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of DNA polymerase I in DNA replication?

    <p>To remove RNA primers and replace them with DNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

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