Mastering ESRD Treatment

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is a risk factor for chronic kidney disease (CKD)?

Low blood pressure

Regular exercise

Being under 30 years old

Family history of diabetes (correct)

What is the definition of CKD?

Presence of kidney damage or decreased kidney function for any duration

Presence of kidney damage or decreased kidney function for six months or more

Presence of kidney damage or decreased kidney function for three months or more (correct)

Presence of kidney damage or decreased kidney function for less than three months

What percentage of the US adult population is estimated to have CKD?

21%

14% (correct)

Which of the following is a clinical manifestation of kidney injury?

Nausea Signup and view all the answers

What is the process called when the kidney adapts to damage by increasing the filtration rate in the remaining normal nephrons?

Hyperfiltration Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of renal function remains when symptoms of chronic kidney disease become evident?

10-15% Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for the anaemia observed in patients with end-stage renal disease?

Decreased production of erythropoietin Signup and view all the answers

Which is the most common therapy for renal failure?

Haemodialysis Signup and view all the answers

Which symptoms are often present in CKD patients?

Oedema, Hypertension, Decreased urine output Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of dietary measures in the management of CKD?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common form of Renal Replacement Therapy (RRT)?

Haemodialysis Signup and view all the answers

Which test is recommended for measuring physical performance in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD)?

Short Physical Performance Battery Signup and view all the answers

What effect does exercise training have on kidney function in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) who are not yet treated with dialysis?

Exercise training has no effect on kidney function Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended exercise prescription for CKD patients?

Comprehensive exercise including aerobic, resistance, and flexibility exercises Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential barrier to exercise for patients being treated with dialysis?

Multiple barriers may exist Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a special consideration for haemodialysis patients?

Timing of exercise sessions should be coordinated with dialysis sessions Signup and view all the answers

What is the main cause of death in CKD patients?

Cardiovascular disease Signup and view all the answers

What should be considered when making exercise recommendations for CKD patients?

Their comorbid conditions Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential challenge in motivating CKD patients to exercise?

Their fear of over-exertion Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of hemodialysis?

It requires manipulation of the blood flow rate and dialysate flow rate. Signup and view all the answers

What determines the duration of a dialysis treatment?

The degree of residual renal function and body size. Signup and view all the answers

How is the dialysis fluid introduced in peritoneal dialysis?

By manually attaching 2 - 2.5 L bags to tubing and emptying them by gravity into and out of the peritoneum. Signup and view all the answers

Why do patients choose peritoneal dialysis?

To experience more freedom and less dependency on a center for use of a machine. Signup and view all the answers

Which treatment option is the preferred choice for End-Stage Renal Disease (ESRD)?

Kidney transplantation Signup and view all the answers

Which complication is NOT associated with peritoneal dialysis?

Delayed gastric emptying Signup and view all the answers

What can contribute to the development of obesity and hypertriglyceridemia in patients on peritoneal dialysis?

Absorption of kcal from the dialysate Signup and view all the answers

What is a common complication of kidney transplantation?

Infection Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Treatment Options for End-Stage Renal Disease (ESRD)

Peritoneal dialysis allows patients to dialyze on their own schedules and is suitable for patients with cardiac instability.
Complications of peritoneal dialysis include infection, hernias, low back pain, obesity, gastroesophageal reflux, and delayed gastric emptying.
Patients on peritoneal dialysis may absorb up to 1,200 kcal per day from the dialysate, contributing to the development of obesity and hypertriglyceridemia.
Kidney transplantation is the preferred treatment for ESRD.
Kidneys for transplantation can come from a living relative, an unrelated individual, or a cadaver.
Patients who undergo transplantation are placed on immunosuppression medication, which includes glucocorticosteroids, cyclosporine, and monoclonal antibody therapy.
Rejection of the transplanted organ can occur either early (acute) or later (chronic) and is treated with increased dosing of immunosuppression.
Complications of kidney transplantation include infection, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, obesity, steroid-induced diabetes, and osteonecrosis.
The incidence of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease is higher in kidney transplant recipients than in the general population.
Patients with CKD experience lower peak exercise capacity, earlier muscle fatigue, lower maximal heart rates, and hypertensive pressor response during exercise.
The functional capacity of CKD patients before dialysis is approximately 50-80% of age-matched healthy controls, which decreases as the disease progresses.
Reduced exercise capacity in CKD is influenced by factors such as anemia, muscle blood flow, muscle oxidative capacity, myocardial function, and activity levels.

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Description

Test your knowledge on the various treatment options for end-stage renal disease (ESRD) with this informative quiz. Learn about peritoneal dialysis, kidney transplantation, immunosuppression medication, complications, and more. Challenge yourself and expand your understanding of ESRD treatment.