End Stage Renal Disease and Chronic Kidney Disease Overview

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What is the primary function of the kidneys in terms of waste management?

To reabsorb sodium ions

To excrete waste and maintain fluid balance (correct)

To regulate blood pressure

To produce hormones

What percentage of adults in the US have Chronic Kidney Disease?

10%

15% (correct)

20%

5%

What is the primary cause of End Stage Renal Disease?

Kidney infection

Diabetes Mellitus

Both A and B (correct)

Hypertension

At what stage of kidney function loss do symptoms typically become apparent?

75% loss (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the final stage of kidney disease, where kidney function is too poor to sustain life?

End Stage Kidney Disease (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the unit of measurement for the Glomerular Filtration Rate?

mm/min (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of albumin in urine?

Shows kidney damage (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical urine output in a healthy individual?

2-2.5 liters/day (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of reduced urine output in later stages of Chronic Kidney Disease?

Hyperkalemia (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between sodium reabsorption and kidney function?

Fewer healthy nephrons reabsorb less sodium (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is a result of reduced acid excretion in chronic kidney disease?

Metabolic acidosis (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of Kussmaul respirations in chronic kidney disease?

To increase blood pH (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of aldosterone on blood pressure in chronic kidney disease?

It increases blood pressure (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the cause of anemia in chronic kidney disease?

Reduced erythropoietin production (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of uremia on white blood cell production?

It disrupts WBC production (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of calcium/phosphorus imbalance in chronic kidney disease?

Hypocalcemia and hyperphosphatemia (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is a common symptom of gastrointestinal changes in chronic kidney disease?

Nausea and vomiting (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of assessing weight loss or gain in chronic kidney disease?

To monitor progress of the disease (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of decreased urine output in chronic kidney disease?

Increased osmolarity (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of urinalysis in chronic kidney disease?

To monitor for signs of kidney damage (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of tertiary prevention in patients with chronic kidney disease?

Improving cardiac function and controlling hypertension (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the reason for restricting protein in early stages of chronic kidney disease?

To prevent the build-up of waste products from protein (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the advantage of hemodialysis over peritoneal dialysis?

More efficient clearance of waste products (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of heparin administration during hemodialysis?

To prevent clotting during treatment (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary complication of dialysis disequilibrium syndrome?

Mental status changes (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of tissue typing with Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) studies in kidney transplantation?

To ensure the recipient's immune system accepts the donor kidney (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common cause of death in kidney transplant recipients?

Cardiovascular disease (C) Signup and view all the answers

Why is meticulous sterile technique important in peritoneal dialysis?

To prevent infection (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the reason for restricting potassium in patients with chronic kidney disease?

To prevent dysrhythmias (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of consistent medication follow-up in kidney transplant recipients?

To prevent rejection and control comorbidities (A) Signup and view all the answers