Mastering Epidemiology
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Questions and Answers

Which term describes the amount or proportion of disease among exposed persons that can be attributed to the exposure?

  • Attributable Risk Difference (correct)
  • Attributable Risk Percent
  • Preventable Risk Percent
  • Preventable Risk Difference

What does the term 'Number needed to treat (NNT)' refer to?

  • The number of people needed to be treated in order for one case of the disease to occur
  • The number of people needed to be exposed to a risk factor in order for one additional case of the disease to occur
  • The number of people needed to be exposed to a risk factor in order to prevent one additional case of the disease
  • The number of people needed to be treated in order to prevent one additional case of the disease (correct)

What does the term 'Preventable Risk Difference' represent?

  • The proportion of disease among exposed persons that can be attributed to the exposure
  • The proportion of disease among unexposed persons that can be attributed to the exposure
  • The difference in risk between treated and untreated individuals (correct)
  • The difference in risk between exposed and unexposed individuals

What does the term 'Population Attributable Risk Percent' indicate?

<p>The proportion of disease among exposed persons that can be attributed to the exposure (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the assumption made when calculating Attributable Risk (AR)?

<p>There is a causal relationship between exposure and outcome (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which structure differentiates into glomeruli, Bowman's space, PCT, Loop of Henle, and DCT during the development of metanephros?

<p>Ureteric bud (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are some additional features of Potter sequences?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where does a horseshoe kidney initially lie?

<p>Sacrum (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of a suprapubic cystostomy?

<p>To alleviate bladder outlet obstruction (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What structures are pierced during the insertion of a suprapubic catheter?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Attributable Risk Difference

The difference in risk between exposed and unexposed groups.

Number Needed to Treat (NNT)

The number of people who need to be treated to prevent one additional case of a disease.

Preventable Risk Difference

Difference in risk between treated and untreated groups.

Population Attributable Risk Percent

Percentage of disease in an exposed population linked to the exposure.

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Attributable Risk (AR) assumption

Exposure causes outcome (disease).

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Metanephros development

Ureteric bud differentiates into glomeruli, Bowman's space, PCT, Loop of Henle, and DCT.

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Horseshoe kidney origin

Initially located near the sacrum.

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Suprapubic cystostomy purpose

Relieves bladder outlet obstruction.

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