Mastering Digestion
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Questions and Answers

Which component of blood carries oxygen?

  • Hemoglobin (correct)
  • Buffy coat (WBC/platelets)
  • Hematocrit (RBC)
  • Plasma

Which type of white blood cell is the most common?

  • Eosinophils
  • Neutrophils (correct)
  • Lymphocytes
  • Basophils

What is the function of fibrinogen in the blood?

  • Immune support
  • Maintaining osmolarity
  • Carrying oxygen
  • Clotting (correct)

What happens when a blood vessel is damaged?

<p>Vessel spasm, platelet plug, fibrinogen turns into fibrin (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which organ helps with digestion by releasing amylase, protease, lipases, and bicarbonate?

<p>Pancreas (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which organ breaks down hemoglobin and converts bilirubin into urea?

<p>Liver (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which organ serves as a storage bin for the liver and releases bile to aid in digestion?

<p>Gallbladder (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which enzyme breaks down carbohydrates into smaller sugars?

<p>Amylase (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following hormones is released by the pituitary gland and regulates cortisol levels?

<p>ACTH (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of prostaglandins in blood pressure regulation?

<p>Increase blood pressure (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following hormones is responsible for retaining fluids and reabsorbing water?

<p>ADH (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the ductus arteriosus/foramen ovale during the fetal stage?

<p>Allow blood flow from pulmonary artery to aorta (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is responsible for the reabsorption of water in the descending limb of the loop of Henle?

<p>Urea (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which molecule is mainly reabsorbed in the proximal convoluted tubules?

<p>Glucose (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following hormones is responsible for reabsorbing salt in the distal convoluted tubules?

<p>Aldosterone (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of urea in maintaining the medullary gradient?

<p>Urea helps push out water and salt (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true about the Intrinsic and Extrinsic pathways of blood clot formation?

<p>The Extrinsic pathway is activated outside the blood vessel, while the Intrinsic pathway is activated within the tissue. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true about the electrical conduction through the heart?

<p>Cardiac action potentials have longer duration than normal action potentials. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone is released by the pancreas when blood sugars are high and helps store sugar in the liver and muscles?

<p>Insulin (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone is released by the pancreas when blood sugars are low and helps release sugars from the liver?

<p>Glucagon (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone is released by the anterior pituitary and stimulates the release of hormones from the thyroid gland?

<p>Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone is released by the posterior pituitary and helps retain water in the kidneys due to dehydration?

<p>Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which gland produces clear pre-ejaculate fluid for lubrication of the urethra?

<p>Bulbourethral gland (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the corpus cavernosum in the penis?

<p>Fills with blood (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone stimulates the production of sperm?

<p>FSH (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the myometrium in the uterus?

<p>Muscle contraction (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone inhibits the release of LH and FSH through negative feedback?

<p>Progesterone (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the blastocyst during initial development and implantation?

<p>Opening up and differentiating cells (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which component of blood is responsible for clotting and turns into fibrin to form a clot?

<p>Fibrinogen (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the shape of sickle cells due to?

<p>Abnormal hemoglobin (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of white blood cell is responsible for phagocytosis and eats bacteria?

<p>Neutrophils (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of macrophages in tissue?

<p>Phagocytosis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is responsible for the conversion of fibrinogen into fibrin?

<p>Thrombin (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following drugs blocks all the inflammation pathways?

<p>Cortisol (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following vessels carries blood from the heart?

<p>Arteries (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is responsible for generating the action potential in the heart?

<p>SA Nodes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following hormones is responsible for promoting the production of red blood cells?

<p>EPO (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following hormones is responsible for regulating the level of calcium in the blood?

<p>Calcitonin (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following hormones is released by the adrenal glands and helps regulate salt and water balance?

<p>aldosterone (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following hormones is responsible for increasing blood pressure?

<p>angiotensin II (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone is responsible for promoting growth in muscles and bones?

<p>Growth hormone (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which gland releases hormones that regulate the production of milk in the mammary glands?

<p>Pituitary gland (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone is released by the adrenal gland to control inflammation and release sugar from the liver?

<p>Cortisol (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone is responsible for retaining water in the kidneys due to dehydration?

<p>ADH (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following hormones is responsible for reabsorbing sodium in the distal convoluted tubules?

<p>Aldosterone (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of angiotensin II in the regulation of blood pressure?

<p>Vasoconstriction (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is responsible for the release of renin?

<p>Low blood pressure (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is responsible for breaking down fats in the small intestine?

<p>Lipase (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of HDL in the body?

<p>Transporting fats and cholesterol to the liver for destruction (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the prostate gland?

<p>Producing most of the semen (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is responsible for the release of estrogen and progesterone during the menstrual cycle?

<p>LH (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is responsible for the initial development of different regions in the embryo?

<p>Gastrula (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of white blood cell is responsible for killing bacteria?

<p>Neutrophil (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the Bartholin's glands in the female reproductive system?

<p>Produce lubrication (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone stimulates the production of sperm?

<p>FSH (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which component of blood carries oxygen?

<p>Hemoglobin (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the adrenal cortex hormone aldosterone?

<p>Increases reabsorption of salt in the kidneys (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of white blood cell is responsible for attacking eukaryote cells such as worms?

<p>Eosinophils (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone is released by the posterior pituitary and helps retain water in the kidneys due to dehydration?

<p>ADH (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of albumin in the blood?

<p>Transporting and maintaining osmolarity of the blood (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of cortisol, released by the adrenal cortex?

<p>Controls inflammation and release of sugar from liver (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the shape of sickle cells due to?

<p>Abnormal hemoglobin (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is responsible for breaking down carbohydrates in the mouth?

<p>Amylase (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where does the breakdown of proteins occur?

<p>Stomach (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is responsible for breaking down fats in the small intestine?

<p>Lipase (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is responsible for carrying small balls of fats to the body?

<p>Chylomicrons (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the collecting duct in the nephron?

<p>Reabsorption of water (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone is responsible for the reabsorption of sodium in the distal convoluted tubules?

<p>Aldosterone (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the lower esophageal sphincter in the digestive system?

<p>Regulating food leaving the stomach (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone is released by the pituitary gland and stimulates the production of cortisol?

<p>ACTH (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone is responsible for promoting the production of red blood cells in the kidneys?

<p>EPO (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone is released by the atria of the heart and helps lower blood pressure?

<p>ANP (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is responsible for dissolving blood clots by breaking down fibrin?

<p>Plasmin (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true about SAIDs and NSAIDs?

<p>SAIDs block all inflammation pathways while NSAIDs block only part of the pathways (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true about veins and arteries?

<p>Veins carry blood to the heart and have low oxygen levels, while arteries carry blood from the heart and have high oxygen levels (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is responsible for generating the electrical activity through the muscle tissue of the heart?

<p>Purkinje fibers (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone stimulates the production of sperm?

<p>FSH (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the clitoris?

<p>Primary erectile tissue (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone causes the endometrium to become thick?

<p>Progesterone (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the fallopian tube?

<p>Send eggs to the uterus (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which white blood cell is responsible for killing eukaryotic organisms?

<p>Eosinophil (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the mesoderm?

<p>Muscle, bones, organs (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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