Mastering Digestion
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Questions and Answers

Which component of blood carries oxygen?

  • Hemoglobin (correct)
  • Buffy coat (WBC/platelets)
  • Hematocrit (RBC)
  • Plasma

    • Which type of white blood cell is the most common?

  • Eosinophils
  • Neutrophils (correct)
  • Lymphocytes
  • Basophils

    • What is the function of fibrinogen in the blood?

  • Immune support
  • Maintaining osmolarity
  • Carrying oxygen
  • Clotting (correct)

    • What happens when a blood vessel is damaged?

    <p>Vessel spasm, platelet plug, fibrinogen turns into fibrin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organ helps with digestion by releasing amylase, protease, lipases, and bicarbonate?

    <p>Pancreas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organ breaks down hemoglobin and converts bilirubin into urea?

    <p>Liver</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organ serves as a storage bin for the liver and releases bile to aid in digestion?

    <p>Gallbladder</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which enzyme breaks down carbohydrates into smaller sugars?

    <p>Amylase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following hormones is released by the pituitary gland and regulates cortisol levels?

    <p>ACTH</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of prostaglandins in blood pressure regulation?

    <p>Increase blood pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following hormones is responsible for retaining fluids and reabsorbing water?

    <p>ADH</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the ductus arteriosus/foramen ovale during the fetal stage?

    <p>Allow blood flow from pulmonary artery to aorta</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is responsible for the reabsorption of water in the descending limb of the loop of Henle?

    <p>Urea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which molecule is mainly reabsorbed in the proximal convoluted tubules?

    <p>Glucose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following hormones is responsible for reabsorbing salt in the distal convoluted tubules?

    <p>Aldosterone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of urea in maintaining the medullary gradient?

    <p>Urea helps push out water and salt</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true about the Intrinsic and Extrinsic pathways of blood clot formation?

    <p>The Extrinsic pathway is activated outside the blood vessel, while the Intrinsic pathway is activated within the tissue.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true about the electrical conduction through the heart?

    <p>Cardiac action potentials have longer duration than normal action potentials.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone is released by the pancreas when blood sugars are high and helps store sugar in the liver and muscles?

    <p>Insulin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone is released by the pancreas when blood sugars are low and helps release sugars from the liver?

    <p>Glucagon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone is released by the anterior pituitary and stimulates the release of hormones from the thyroid gland?

    <p>Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone is released by the posterior pituitary and helps retain water in the kidneys due to dehydration?

    <p>Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which gland produces clear pre-ejaculate fluid for lubrication of the urethra?

    <p>Bulbourethral gland</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the corpus cavernosum in the penis?

    <p>Fills with blood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone stimulates the production of sperm?

    <p>FSH</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the myometrium in the uterus?

    <p>Muscle contraction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone inhibits the release of LH and FSH through negative feedback?

    <p>Progesterone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the blastocyst during initial development and implantation?

    <p>Opening up and differentiating cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component of blood is responsible for clotting and turns into fibrin to form a clot?

    <p>Fibrinogen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the shape of sickle cells due to?

    <p>Abnormal hemoglobin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of white blood cell is responsible for phagocytosis and eats bacteria?

    <p>Neutrophils</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of macrophages in tissue?

    <p>Phagocytosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is responsible for the conversion of fibrinogen into fibrin?

    <p>Thrombin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following drugs blocks all the inflammation pathways?

    <p>Cortisol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following vessels carries blood from the heart?

    <p>Arteries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is responsible for generating the action potential in the heart?

    <p>SA Nodes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following hormones is responsible for promoting the production of red blood cells?

    <p>EPO</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following hormones is responsible for regulating the level of calcium in the blood?

    <p>Calcitonin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following hormones is released by the adrenal glands and helps regulate salt and water balance?

    <p>aldosterone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following hormones is responsible for increasing blood pressure?

    <p>angiotensin II</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone is responsible for promoting growth in muscles and bones?

    <p>Growth hormone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which gland releases hormones that regulate the production of milk in the mammary glands?

    <p>Pituitary gland</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone is released by the adrenal gland to control inflammation and release sugar from the liver?

    <p>Cortisol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone is responsible for retaining water in the kidneys due to dehydration?

    <p>ADH</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following hormones is responsible for reabsorbing sodium in the distal convoluted tubules?

    <p>Aldosterone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of angiotensin II in the regulation of blood pressure?

    <p>Vasoconstriction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is responsible for the release of renin?

    <p>Low blood pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is responsible for breaking down fats in the small intestine?

    <p>Lipase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of HDL in the body?

    <p>Transporting fats and cholesterol to the liver for destruction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the prostate gland?

    <p>Producing most of the semen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is responsible for the release of estrogen and progesterone during the menstrual cycle?

    <p>LH</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is responsible for the initial development of different regions in the embryo?

    <p>Gastrula</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of white blood cell is responsible for killing bacteria?

    <p>Neutrophil</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the Bartholin's glands in the female reproductive system?

    <p>Produce lubrication</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone stimulates the production of sperm?

    <p>FSH</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component of blood carries oxygen?

    <p>Hemoglobin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the adrenal cortex hormone aldosterone?

    <p>Increases reabsorption of salt in the kidneys</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of white blood cell is responsible for attacking eukaryote cells such as worms?

    <p>Eosinophils</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone is released by the posterior pituitary and helps retain water in the kidneys due to dehydration?

    <p>ADH</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of albumin in the blood?

    <p>Transporting and maintaining osmolarity of the blood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of cortisol, released by the adrenal cortex?

    <p>Controls inflammation and release of sugar from liver</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the shape of sickle cells due to?

    <p>Abnormal hemoglobin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is responsible for breaking down carbohydrates in the mouth?

    <p>Amylase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does the breakdown of proteins occur?

    <p>Stomach</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is responsible for breaking down fats in the small intestine?

    <p>Lipase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is responsible for carrying small balls of fats to the body?

    <p>Chylomicrons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the collecting duct in the nephron?

    <p>Reabsorption of water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone is responsible for the reabsorption of sodium in the distal convoluted tubules?

    <p>Aldosterone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the lower esophageal sphincter in the digestive system?

    <p>Regulating food leaving the stomach</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone is released by the pituitary gland and stimulates the production of cortisol?

    <p>ACTH</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone is responsible for promoting the production of red blood cells in the kidneys?

    <p>EPO</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone is released by the atria of the heart and helps lower blood pressure?

    <p>ANP</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is responsible for dissolving blood clots by breaking down fibrin?

    <p>Plasmin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true about SAIDs and NSAIDs?

    <p>SAIDs block all inflammation pathways while NSAIDs block only part of the pathways</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true about veins and arteries?

    <p>Veins carry blood to the heart and have low oxygen levels, while arteries carry blood from the heart and have high oxygen levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is responsible for generating the electrical activity through the muscle tissue of the heart?

    <p>Purkinje fibers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone stimulates the production of sperm?

    <p>FSH</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the clitoris?

    <p>Primary erectile tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone causes the endometrium to become thick?

    <p>Progesterone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the fallopian tube?

    <p>Send eggs to the uterus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which white blood cell is responsible for killing eukaryotic organisms?

    <p>Eosinophil</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the mesoderm?

    <p>Muscle, bones, organs</p> Signup and view all the answers

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