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Renal diseases are characterized by elevation of blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine levels.
Renal diseases are characterized by elevation of blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine levels.
Azotemia
Pre-renal azotemia is encountered when there is ______ of the kidneys (e.g. HTN or excessive fluid loss), impairment of renal function in the absence of parenchymal damage.
Pre-renal azotemia is encountered when there is ______ of the kidneys (e.g. HTN or excessive fluid loss), impairment of renal function in the absence of parenchymal damage.
hypoperfusion
Post-renal azotemia is seen whenever urine flow is ______ distal to the kidney.
Post-renal azotemia is seen whenever urine flow is ______ distal to the kidney.
obstructed
Uremia is characterized by failure of renal excretory, metabolic, and endocrine functions.
Uremia is characterized by failure of renal excretory, metabolic, and endocrine functions.
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Nephritic Syndrome is caused by ______ and dominated by acute onset of hematuria (gross or microscopic) and red cell casts on urinalysis.
Nephritic Syndrome is caused by ______ and dominated by acute onset of hematuria (gross or microscopic) and red cell casts on urinalysis.
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