Mastering Blood Pressure Control

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What are the fundamental components of a reflex control system?

Internal variable to be maintained
Receptors sensitive to change in the variable
Afferent pathways from the receptors
An integrating center for the afferent inputs
Efferent pathways from the integrating center
Target effectors that alter their activities

Where are the main baroreceptor locations?

The main baroreceptor locations are the walls of the aorta and the carotid artery.

What is the function of baroreceptors?

The function of baroreceptors is to sense changes in blood pressure. They increase their firing rate when blood pressure increases and decrease their firing rate when blood pressure decreases.

What is the purpose of nervous control of arterial pressure?

The purpose of nervous control of arterial pressure is to rapidly increase or decrease arterial pressure in response to different physiological demands. Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important to control blood pressure?

It is important to control blood pressure to maintain tissue perfusion across the whole body. If blood pressure is too low, blood flow to organs would fail, and if blood pressure is too high, there could be damage to vessels and organs. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of baroreceptor reflex control?

The primary purpose of baroreceptor reflex control is to reduce the minute-to-minute variations or arterial pulse. Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of cardiopulmonary baroreceptors?

Cardiopulmonary baroreceptors sense central blood volume and their firing rate affects sympathetic and parasympathetic nerve activity to the heart and blood vessels. Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the Atrial reflex control of BP (Bainbridge Reflex)?

The Atrial reflex control of BP (Bainbridge Reflex) is a sympathetic-mediated reflex that increases heart rate and contractility in response to increased blood in the atria, preventing damming of blood in veins. Signup and view all the answers

What are the target effectors in the reflex control of blood pressure?

The target effectors in the reflex control of blood pressure are the heart (controlled by sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves) and blood vessels (controlled by sympathetic nerves, which exert vasoconstrictor tone). Signup and view all the answers

What are the main points about the neuronal reflex mechanisms?

The main points about the neuronal reflex mechanisms are that they exist to maintain blood pressure in the immediate/short term, they are integrated in the medullary cardiovascular control (MCVC) center, and they involve baroreceptors, efferent and afferent pathways, and target effectors. Signup and view all the answers

What is the equation for cardiac output?

$\text{Stroke volume} \times \text{heart rate} = \text{cardiac output}$ Signup and view all the answers

What is the Frank-Starling mechanism?

The Frank-Starling mechanism is the intrinsic mechanism of self-regulation in which an increase in end-diastolic volume (EDV) leads to an increase in the force of contraction. Signup and view all the answers

What is preload?

Preload refers to the venous pressure and venous return to the heart, specifically the end-diastolic pressure (EDP). Signup and view all the answers

What is afterload?

Afterload refers to the pressure in the aorta or pulmonary artery. Signup and view all the answers

What is the equation for mean arterial blood pressure (MABP)?

$\text{MABP} = \text{Diastolic pressure} + \frac{1}{3} \times \text{pulse pressure}$ Signup and view all the answers

What factors determine the magnitude of pulse pressure?

Stroke volume, speed of ejection of stroke volume, arterial compliance, factors affecting flow of a fluid through a vessel (viscosity, vessel length, vessel radius) Signup and view all the answers

What is the Poiseuille Equation?

The Poiseuille Equation is used to calculate the resistance to flow in a vessel. It takes into account blood viscosity, vessel length, and vessel radius. Signup and view all the answers

What is the equation for arterial pressure?

Arterial pressure = cardiac output x total peripheral resistance Signup and view all the answers

How can resistance in the pulmonary and systemic circulation be calculated?

Mean arterial blood pressure (MABP) = Diastolic pressure + 1/3 pulse pressure. Systemic circulation: MABP = 120/75. Pulmonary circulation: MABP = 26/8. Signup and view all the answers

What are the main points about cardiac output and arterial pressure?

Cardiac output depends on venous return and can be intrinsically and extrinsically altered. Arterial pressure depends on cardiac output and total peripheral resistance. Signup and view all the answers