Podcast
Questions and Answers
The most important role of pigments in photosynthesis is to __________.
The most important role of pigments in photosynthesis is to __________.
capture light energy
Which structure(s) on a leaf allow(s) carbon dioxide and oxygen to enter and exit by diffusion?
Which structure(s) on a leaf allow(s) carbon dioxide and oxygen to enter and exit by diffusion?
Stomata
G3P is used in which of the following processes?
G3P is used in which of the following processes?
Why do the reactions of the Calvin cycle usually not occur at night?
Why do the reactions of the Calvin cycle usually not occur at night?
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During which process is molecular oxygen produced in photosynthesis?
During which process is molecular oxygen produced in photosynthesis?
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What happens during the carbon fixation phase of the Calvin cycle?
What happens during the carbon fixation phase of the Calvin cycle?
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Which of the following statements is a correct distinction between autotrophs and heterotrophs?
Which of the following statements is a correct distinction between autotrophs and heterotrophs?
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The oxygen produced by photosynthesis comes from __________.
The oxygen produced by photosynthesis comes from __________.
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What has the plant been using for an energy source while in the dark?
What has the plant been using for an energy source while in the dark?
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Why could the Calvin cycle not occur without the light reactions?
Why could the Calvin cycle not occur without the light reactions?
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Which of the following processes occurs during the second phase, the reduction phase, of the Calvin cycle?
Which of the following processes occurs during the second phase, the reduction phase, of the Calvin cycle?
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In photosynthesis, plants use carbon from __________ to make sugar and other organic molecules.
In photosynthesis, plants use carbon from __________ to make sugar and other organic molecules.
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When chloroplast pigments absorb light, __________.
When chloroplast pigments absorb light, __________.
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Why are most autotrophs referred to as the producers of the biosphere?
Why are most autotrophs referred to as the producers of the biosphere?
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Both mitochondria and chloroplasts __________.
Both mitochondria and chloroplasts __________.
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Where do the electrons entering photosystem II come from?
Where do the electrons entering photosystem II come from?
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Chlorophyll molecules are in which part of the chloroplast?
Chlorophyll molecules are in which part of the chloroplast?
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The light reactions of photosynthesis use chemiosmosis to produce ATP that will be used in the Calvin cycle. The electrochemical gradient that drives this chemiosmosis is formed across which structure(s)?
The light reactions of photosynthesis use chemiosmosis to produce ATP that will be used in the Calvin cycle. The electrochemical gradient that drives this chemiosmosis is formed across which structure(s)?
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The light reactions of photosynthesis supply the Calvin cycle with __________.
The light reactions of photosynthesis supply the Calvin cycle with __________.
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The energy used to produce ATP in the light reactions of photosynthesis comes from __________.
The energy used to produce ATP in the light reactions of photosynthesis comes from __________.
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What property of the pigment chlorophyll makes it appear green?
What property of the pigment chlorophyll makes it appear green?
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Of the following, which occurs during the Calvin cycle?
Of the following, which occurs during the Calvin cycle?
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In photosynthesis, what molecule is oxidized and what molecule is reduced?
In photosynthesis, what molecule is oxidized and what molecule is reduced?
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Where does the Calvin cycle of photosynthesis occur?
Where does the Calvin cycle of photosynthesis occur?
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A photosystem consists of which of the following structures?
A photosystem consists of which of the following structures?
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How does carbon dioxide enter the leaf?
How does carbon dioxide enter the leaf?
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Which of the following statements correctly describes the difference in carbon fixation between C3 and C4 plants?
Which of the following statements correctly describes the difference in carbon fixation between C3 and C4 plants?
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The light reactions of photosynthesis occur in the __________.
The light reactions of photosynthesis occur in the __________.
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In the light reactions of photosynthesis, ATP is produced by photophosphorylation. Which of the listed processes is most similar to photophosphorylation?
In the light reactions of photosynthesis, ATP is produced by photophosphorylation. Which of the listed processes is most similar to photophosphorylation?
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The light reactions of photosynthesis generate high-energy electrons, which end up in __________. The light reactions also produce __________ and __________.
The light reactions of photosynthesis generate high-energy electrons, which end up in __________. The light reactions also produce __________ and __________.
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Study Notes
Photosynthesis Overview
- Pigments in photosynthesis capture light energy for the process.
- Stomata are the structures that allow carbon dioxide and oxygen to diffuse in and out of leaves.
- G3P (glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate) is utilized in various metabolic processes.
- The Calvin cycle, though not directly light-dependent, relies on products from illuminated photosystems.
Light Reactions and Electron Flow
- Molecular oxygen is produced during the light reactions via linear electron flow.
- Carbon fixation in the Calvin cycle involves attaching CO2 to ribulose bisphosphate, a five-carbon sugar.
- Oxygen produced in photosynthesis originates from water molecules.
Autotrophs vs. Heterotrophs
- Autotrophs can produce organic compounds from inorganic sources, while heterotrophs cannot.
- Most autotrophs are considered producers as they provide organic compounds for nonautotrophic organisms.
Calvin Cycle Dependency
- The Calvin cycle requires ATP and NADPH generated during light reactions for sugar production.
- G3P production occurs during the reduction phase of the Calvin cycle.
- Plants convert carbon dioxide into sugars through the Calvin cycle.
Chloroplast Functionality
- Chlorophyll pigments absorb light, exciting electrons in the process.
- Both chloroplasts and mitochondria utilize chemiosmosis to generate ATP.
- The light reactions generate ATP and NADPH used in the Calvin cycle, driven by H+ movement across membranes.
Photosynthesis Mechanics
- Chlorophyll reflects green light, giving it a green appearance.
- Water is oxidized while carbon dioxide is reduced during photosynthesis.
- The Calvin cycle occurs in the stroma of chloroplasts.
Photosystem Composition
- A photosystem consists of various components, contributing to the photosynthesis process.
- CO2 enters leaves through stomata, facilitating gas exchange necessary for photosynthesis.
C3 vs. C4 Plants
- C4 plants initiate carbon fixation with a four-carbon compound, unlike C3 plants, which start with a three-carbon compound.
Light Reactions Specifics
- Light reactions take place in the thylakoids of chloroplasts, generating high-energy electrons.
- Photophosphorylation in light reactions is analogous to oxidative phosphorylation in cellular respiration.
Studying That Suits You
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Description
Test your knowledge on Chapter 10 of Mastering Biology with these flashcards. This chapter focuses on essential concepts of photosynthesis, including the roles of pigments and gas exchange in leaves. Perfect for reinforcing your learning and preparing for exams!
