Podcast
Questions and Answers
What can plants and other living things use to make food?
What can plants and other living things use to make food?
Light energy from the sun
What are organisms that use light energy from the sun to make food called?
What are organisms that use light energy from the sun to make food called?
Autotrophs
What are heterotrophs?
What are heterotrophs?
Organisms that get energy from their food
What is adenosine triphosphate?
What is adenosine triphosphate?
What kind of activities do cells carry out with energy from ATP?
What kind of activities do cells carry out with energy from ATP?
What is ATP made of?
What is ATP made of?
What is adenosine diphosphate?
What is adenosine diphosphate?
What is the structure of ADP?
What is the structure of ADP?
What can cells do when energy is available?
What can cells do when energy is available?
How is energy stored in ATP released?
How is energy stored in ATP released?
What did van Helmont discover?
What did van Helmont discover?
What did Priestly discover?
What did Priestly discover?
What did Ingenhousz discover?
What did Ingenhousz discover?
What is photosynthesis?
What is photosynthesis?
What is the equation for photosynthesis?
What is the equation for photosynthesis?
What does photosynthesis use the sun's energy to do?
What does photosynthesis use the sun's energy to do?
Where do plants get the carbon dioxide needed for photosynthesis?
Where do plants get the carbon dioxide needed for photosynthesis?
What do plants use the sugars produced during photosynthesis for?
What do plants use the sugars produced during photosynthesis for?
What does photosynthesis require?
What does photosynthesis require?
What do plants use to gather the sun's energy?
What do plants use to gather the sun's energy?
What is the main pigment in plants?
What is the main pigment in plants?
A compound that absorbs light also absorbs what?
A compound that absorbs light also absorbs what?
What happens when chlorophyll absorbs sunlight?
What happens when chlorophyll absorbs sunlight?
What is the visible spectrum made of?
What is the visible spectrum made of?
What does chlorophyll absorb and why do plants look green?
What does chlorophyll absorb and why do plants look green?
Where does photosynthesis take place?
Where does photosynthesis take place?
What are the saclike photosynthetic membranes that chloroplasts have?
What are the saclike photosynthetic membranes that chloroplasts have?
What do proteins in the thylakoids do?
What do proteins in the thylakoids do?
What are photosystems?
What are photosystems?
How do electrons gain energy?
How do electrons gain energy?
Describe the transfer of energy from electrons.
Describe the transfer of energy from electrons.
What two parts do the reactions of photosynthesis occur?
What two parts do the reactions of photosynthesis occur?
What are light-dependent reactions?
What are light-dependent reactions?
Where do light-dependent reactions occur?
Where do light-dependent reactions occur?
What are the four processes of light-dependent reactions?
What are the four processes of light-dependent reactions?
What do light-dependent reactions use, and what do they produce?
What do light-dependent reactions use, and what do they produce?
What is the Calvin Cycle?
What is the Calvin Cycle?
Where does the Calvin Cycle take place?
Where does the Calvin Cycle take place?
What does the Calvin Cycle use in its reactions?
What does the Calvin Cycle use in its reactions?
What does the Calvin Cycle work steadily to do as photosynthesis proceeds?
What does the Calvin Cycle work steadily to do as photosynthesis proceeds?
How many carbon dioxide molecules are needed to make a single 6-carbon sugar?
How many carbon dioxide molecules are needed to make a single 6-carbon sugar?
What factors affect the rate of photosynthesis?
What factors affect the rate of photosynthesis?
The Calvin Cycle is another name for?
The Calvin Cycle is another name for?
True or false: Plants gather the sun's energy with light-absorbing energy molecules called pigments.
True or false: Plants gather the sun's energy with light-absorbing energy molecules called pigments.
Energy from ATP is released when?
Energy from ATP is released when?
Organisms that cannot make their own food and must obtain energy from the food they eat are called?
Organisms that cannot make their own food and must obtain energy from the food they eat are called?
Plants take in the sun's energy by absorbing?
Plants take in the sun's energy by absorbing?
Explain how heterotrophs get their energy from the sun even though they can't make their own food.
Explain how heterotrophs get their energy from the sun even though they can't make their own food.
What gives ATP and when is energy released from it?
What gives ATP and when is energy released from it?
What are the three parts of an ATP molecule?
What are the three parts of an ATP molecule?
Study Notes
Photosynthesis Overview
- Plants use light energy from the sun to create food through the process of photosynthesis.
- Two types of organisms: autotrophs (produce their food) and heterotrophs (consume other organisms for energy).
Key Compounds and Energy
- Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) serves as the primary energy carrier in cells, allowing energy for varied functions like active transport and protein synthesis.
- ATP is composed of adenine, ribose, and three phosphate groups; energy is released by breaking the bond between the second and third phosphate.
- Adenosine diphosphate (ADP) contains two phosphate groups and can be converted back into ATP by adding a phosphate group.
Historical Discoveries
- Van Helmont discovered that plant mass primarily comes from water.
- Priestly determined that plants release oxygen during photosynthesis.
- Ingenhousz established that sunlight is necessary for plants to produce oxygen.
Photosynthesis Process
- Photosynthesis transforms carbon dioxide and water into carbohydrates, releasing oxygen as a byproduct.
- General equation: 6CO2 + 6H2O —(light)→ C6H12O6 + 6O2.
Light and Chlorophyll
- Photosynthesis requires sunlight and chlorophyll, the main pigment in plants that absorbs light energy.
- Chlorophyll absorbs blue-violet and red light while reflecting green light, making plants appear green.
- Photosynthesis occurs mainly in chloroplasts, specifically in thylakoids that house chlorophyll.
Reactions of Photosynthesis
- Comprised of two main stages: light-dependent reactions (need light) and light-independent reactions (Calvin Cycle).
- Light-dependent reactions take place in thylakoid membranes and generate oxygen, ATP, and NADPH using water and light energy.
- Key processes: light absorption, oxygen production, electron transport, and ATP formation.
The Calvin Cycle
- The Calvin Cycle, occurring in the stroma of chloroplasts, does not require light and uses ATP and NADPH to synthesize high-energy sugars from carbon dioxide.
- For producing a single 6-carbon sugar, six carbon dioxide molecules are required.
- Operates continuously during photosynthesis, utilizing available carbon dioxide from the atmosphere.
Factors Influencing Photosynthesis
- Rate of photosynthesis can be affected by the availability of water, carbon dioxide, temperature, and light intensity.
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Description
Review the essential concepts of Biology Chapter 8 with this study guide. This quiz covers important terminology like autotrophs, heterotrophs, and ATP. Test your understanding of how living things produce and use energy.
