Questions and Answers
What are muscles that serve as the primary promoters of a movement?
Which of the following is not used as a criterion for naming muscles?
Choose the false statement about hamstrings.
Which of the following muscles is named for its origin and insertion?
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Which of the following muscles is named for its action?
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Which of the following is correctly matched?
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Most skeletal muscles of the body act as:
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Which is correctly matched?
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Where are most of the muscles that move the hand located?
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A muscle group that works with and assists the action of a prime mover is a(n):
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What are the muscles that are found at openings of the body collectively called?
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What is the main factor that determines the power of a muscle?
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If a lever operates at a mechanical disadvantage, it means that the:
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When the term biceps, triceps, or quadriceps forms part of a muscle's name, what does it tell you about the muscle?
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Which generalization concerning movement by skeletal muscles is not true?
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What is a muscle that provides the major force for producing a specific movement called?
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The names of muscles often indicate the action of the muscle. What does the term levator mean?
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Muscles are only able to pull; they never push.
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What is the major factor controlling how levers work?
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Which of the following describes fascicle arrangement in a pennate muscle?
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Both first- and second-class levers operate at a mechanical disadvantage.
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First-class levers ________.
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Regardless of type, all levers follow the same basic principle: effort farther than load from fulcrum = mechanical advantage; effort nearer than load to fulcrum = mechanical disadvantage.
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Which of these is not a way of classifying muscles?
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The arrangement of a muscle's fascicles determines its range of motion and power.
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Although all skeletal muscles have different shapes, the fascicle arrangement of each muscle is exactly the same.
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In a pennate muscle pattern ________.
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What type of muscle assists an agonist by causing a like movement or by stabilizing a joint over which an agonist acts?
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If L = load, F = fulcrum, and E = effort, what type of lever system is described as LEF?
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Which is correctly matched?
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Study Notes
Muscle Types and Functions
- Agonists are primary muscles responsible for movements, while antagonists oppose these actions.
- Synergists assist agonists, helping stabilize joints.
- Fixators stabilize the origin of the agonist to enable efficient movement.
Muscle Naming Criteria
- Muscles can be named based on attachment locations, shapes, or number of origins.
- The involuntary or voluntary control of muscles is not a criterion for naming.
Musculature and Joints
- The hamstrings cross both the knee and hip joints, but do not contribute to knee rotation.
- Muscles may be named for their origins and insertions, exemplified by the sternocleidomastoid.
Fascicle Arrangement
- Muscle structure affects function; convergent muscles have a fan-shaped arrangement, and pennate muscles feature short fascicles attaching obliquely to a central tendon.
- Rectus denotes straight muscles, while brevis indicates shorter muscles.
Skeletal Muscle Mechanics
- Most skeletal muscles function as third-class levers, where effort is applied between load and fulcrum.
- Muscle contraction produces movement by pulling on bones, not pushing.
Muscle Power and Levers
- Muscle strength is primarily determined by the total number of muscle cells available for contraction.
- First-class levers can operate at mechanical advantage or disadvantage based on their configuration.
General Muscle Movement Rules
- Muscles only pull; they cannot push.
- The arrangement of muscle fascicles directly influences a muscle's range of motion and power.
Muscle Classification
- Muscles can be classified by action, location, and shape, but not by the type of muscle fibers.
- Pennate muscles resemble feathers due to their unique fascicle arrangement.
Lever Systems
- The arrangement of effort, load, and fulcrum determines a lever's mechanical advantage.
- LEF describes a third-class lever system, where effort is between load and fulcrum.
Movement Characteristics
- Muscles can produce movements of graded intensity and serve as levers for movement.
- Circular muscles, or sphincters, control the openings of the body.
Function of Muscle Names
- Muscle names often imply their function; for example, levator indicates the muscle functions to elevate or adduct a body part.
Misconceptions in Muscle Movement
- It is incorrect to assume that the two articulating bones move equally during a contraction.
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Description
Test your understanding of key concepts in Chapter 10 of Mastering Anatomy and Physiology with these flashcards. Engage with terms related to muscle function and naming criteria. Enhance your mastery of anatomy and physiology terminology.
