30 Questions
Which layer of the blood vessel wall is composed of endothelium and subendothelium?
Tunica intima
Which type of blood vessel has the most smooth muscle in its tunica media?
Muscular artery
What is the thickest layer in veins?
Tunica externa
Which blood vessel has the smallest diameter?
Capillary
Which of the following is NOT a component of the cardiovascular system?
Lungs
What is the main function of the cardiovascular system?
To transport nutrients and oxygen
Which of the following is NOT a type of blood vessel?
Epidermis
What are the three layers of the heart?
Pericardium, myocardium, endocardium
Which type of blood vessels have the thickest tunica media?
Arteries
What is the function of valves in veins?
To prevent blood from flowing backwards
Which blood vessels are considered capacitance vessels?
Veins
Which type of blood vessels have the largest diameter?
Arteries
Which type of capillary is found in organs needing rapid exchange of substances between tissues and blood?
Fenestrated capillaries
What is the most common type of capillary?
Continuous capillaries
Which type of capillary has a continuous basal lamina and fenestrations covered by diaphragms?
Fenestrated capillaries
Where are sinusoidal capillaries primarily located?
Liver and bone marrow
Which layer of the heart consists of endothelium and basal lamina resting on a thin layer of connective tissue?
Endocardium
What is the purpose of the adventitial smooth muscle in large veins?
To prevent excessive distension of the vessel wall
What is the main function of the lymphatic system?
To collect interstitial fluid and return it to the blood
What type of muscle fibers are present in the myocardium?
Cardiac muscle fibers
Which layer of the heart consists of modified cardiac muscle cells specialized for initiation and conduction of electrochemical impulses?
Myocardium
What are Purkinje fibers?
Enlarged cardiac muscle fibers specialized for conducting impulses
During embryological development of the heart, what gives rise to the two endocardial heart tubes?
Mesoderm
What is the first heartbeat in the developing embryo initiated by?
Muscle contractions in the sinus venosus
During fetal circulation, oxygenated blood is carried from the placenta to the fetal circulation by bypassing the lungs. What happens to this circulation after birth?
The circulation ceases as the infant's lungs expand and oxygenate the blood
What happens to the foramen ovale and umbilical vessels after birth?
They close permanently
At what point in embryological development does the interventricular septum close, dividing the primitive ventricle into two ventricles?
At the end of week 7
Which ventricle communicates with the pulmonary trunk and which ventricle communicates with the aorta?
Right ventricle with the pulmonary trunk and left ventricle with the aorta
What is the purpose of the fetal circulation design?
To carry oxygenated blood from the placenta to the fetal circulation, bypassing the lungs
What happens to the foramen after birth?
It closes permanently
Test your knowledge of the myocardium and epicardium, as well as the conducting system of the heart. Learn about the specialized cells and fibers responsible for initiating and coordinating electrochemical impulses.
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