Cardiovascular system
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Questions and Answers

Which layer of the blood vessel wall is composed of endothelium and subendothelium?

  • Vasa vasorum
  • Tunica intima (correct)
  • Tunica externa
  • Tunica media

    • Which type of blood vessel has the most smooth muscle in its tunica media?

  • Arteriole
  • Elastic artery
  • Capillary
  • Muscular artery (correct)

    • What is the thickest layer in veins?

  • Tunica externa (correct)
  • Tunica intima
  • Vasa vasorum
  • Tunica media

    • Which blood vessel has the smallest diameter?

    <p>Capillary</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a component of the cardiovascular system?

    <p>Lungs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the cardiovascular system?

    <p>To transport nutrients and oxygen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a type of blood vessel?

    <p>Epidermis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the three layers of the heart?

    <p>Pericardium, myocardium, endocardium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of blood vessels have the thickest tunica media?

    <p>Arteries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of valves in veins?

    <p>To prevent blood from flowing backwards</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which blood vessels are considered capacitance vessels?

    <p>Veins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of blood vessels have the largest diameter?

    <p>Arteries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of capillary is found in organs needing rapid exchange of substances between tissues and blood?

    <p>Fenestrated capillaries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common type of capillary?

    <p>Continuous capillaries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of capillary has a continuous basal lamina and fenestrations covered by diaphragms?

    <p>Fenestrated capillaries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are sinusoidal capillaries primarily located?

    <p>Liver and bone marrow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which layer of the heart consists of endothelium and basal lamina resting on a thin layer of connective tissue?

    <p>Endocardium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the adventitial smooth muscle in large veins?

    <p>To prevent excessive distension of the vessel wall</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the lymphatic system?

    <p>To collect interstitial fluid and return it to the blood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of muscle fibers are present in the myocardium?

    <p>Cardiac muscle fibers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which layer of the heart consists of modified cardiac muscle cells specialized for initiation and conduction of electrochemical impulses?

    <p>Myocardium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are Purkinje fibers?

    <p>Enlarged cardiac muscle fibers specialized for conducting impulses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During embryological development of the heart, what gives rise to the two endocardial heart tubes?

    <p>Mesoderm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the first heartbeat in the developing embryo initiated by?

    <p>Muscle contractions in the sinus venosus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During fetal circulation, oxygenated blood is carried from the placenta to the fetal circulation by bypassing the lungs. What happens to this circulation after birth?

    <p>The circulation ceases as the infant's lungs expand and oxygenate the blood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the foramen ovale and umbilical vessels after birth?

    <p>They close permanently</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what point in embryological development does the interventricular septum close, dividing the primitive ventricle into two ventricles?

    <p>At the end of week 7</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which ventricle communicates with the pulmonary trunk and which ventricle communicates with the aorta?

    <p>Right ventricle with the pulmonary trunk and left ventricle with the aorta</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the fetal circulation design?

    <p>To carry oxygenated blood from the placenta to the fetal circulation, bypassing the lungs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the foramen after birth?

    <p>It closes permanently</p> Signup and view all the answers

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