Master the CNS Barriers
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is NOT a function of the blood-brain barrier (BBB)?

  • Separates blood from brain tissue
  • Prevents free exchange between plasma and brain parenchyma
  • Controls what goes in and out of the brain
  • Provides nutrients to the nervous tissue (correct)

    • What is the main function of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)?

  • Supplying neurons and glia with oxygen and nutrients
  • Removing waste from the nervous tissue
  • Acting as a drainage system for waste removal
  • All of the above (correct)

    • What is the role of astrocytes in the central nervous system (CNS)?

  • Providing nutrients to the nervous tissue
  • Maintaining extracellular ion balance
  • Cleaning the environment
  • All of the above (correct)

    • Which type of cells have the most abundant glial cells in the central nervous system (CNS)?

    <p>Astrocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of pericytes in the brain?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is most of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) produced?

    <p>Choroid plexus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What separates the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from the brain tissue?

    <p>Ependymal layer of ventricle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the resistance of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) barrier in choroidal epithelial cells compared to the blood-brain barrier (BBB)?

    <p>Lower</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What provides the greatest osmotic effect in the secretion of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)?

    <p>Na movement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the turnover rate of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) replacement?

    <p>3 ml/day</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is responsible for the circulation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)?

    <p>Production of CSF</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the glymphatic system?

    <p>To clean the interstitial fluid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does incoming cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) enter the brain tissue?

    <p>Through the periarterial space</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What causes vasogenic edema in the brain?

    <p>Breakdown of the blood-brain barrier (BBB)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of drugs penetrate the blood-brain barrier (BBB) more readily?

    <p>Lipid-soluble drugs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a non-invasive method of drug delivery to the central nervous system (CNS)?

    <p>Intranasal administration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main cause of hydrocephalus?

    <p>Blockage of CSF flow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between communicating and non-communicating hydrocephalus?

    <p>The presence of ventricle blockage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of a lumbar puncture?

    <p>To collect cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what position is a lumbar puncture usually performed?

    <p>Sitting position</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which barrier prevents the entry of proteins into the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)?

    <p>Blood-CSF barrier</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and the blood-CSF barrier?

    <p>To maintain a constant environment for the brain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of barrier restricts the free movement of water-soluble compounds in the brain?

    <p>Paracellular barrier</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the choroidal cells in CSF production?

    <p>To create a gradient of Na and Cl</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does CSF provide a route for movement of substances from the brain to blood?

    <p>CSF drainage into the sinus blood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the specific gravity of CSF compared to brain tissue?

    <p>Same as brain tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of CSF in the cranium?

    <p>Protection/Cushioning of the brain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does CSF supply brain tissue with nutrients?

    <p>By delivering substances from blood into CSF</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the arachnoid villi?

    <p>To allow CSF movement into blood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when CSF pressure is higher than sinus pressure?

    <p>CSF moves into venous blood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the blood-brain barrier (BBB)?

    <p>To control the flow of substances into and out of the brain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of astrocytes in the central nervous system (CNS)?

    <p>To provide biochemical support for endothelial cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of pericytes in the brain?

    <p>To regulate blood flow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the choroid plexus in CSF production?

    <p>To produce most of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main cause of hydrocephalus?

    <p>An obstruction in the flow of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of a lumbar puncture?

    <p>To collect cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) for analysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) provide a route for movement of substances from the brain to blood?

    <p>Through the blood-CSF barrier</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the resistance of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) barrier in choroidal epithelial cells compared to the blood-brain barrier (BBB)?

    <p>Lower</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the turnover rate of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) replacement?

    <p>3</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)?

    <p>To provide nutrients and remove waste from the brain tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a function of the blood-brain barrier (BBB)?

    <p>Preventing entry of endogenous &amp; exogenous toxins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the choroidal cells in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) production?

    <p>Creating a gradient of Na &amp; Cl to produce an osmotic effect</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a function of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)?

    <p>Preventing the entry of endogenous &amp; exogenous toxins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main cause of hydrocephalus?

    <p>Blockage or obstruction in the flow of CSF</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the glymphatic system?

    <p>Removing waste material from brain tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the arachnoid villi?

    <p>Acting as a one-way valve for CSF movement into blood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What separates the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from the brain tissue?

    <p>Blood-brain barrier (BBB)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of drugs penetrate the blood-brain barrier (BBB) more readily?

    <p>Lipid-soluble drugs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of astrocytes in the central nervous system (CNS)?

    <p>Providing structural support and maintaining homeostasis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of a lumbar puncture?

    <p>To collect and analyze cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following conditions can cause disruption of the blood-brain barrier (BBB)?

    <p>High blood pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of edema is characterized by the breakdown of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and accumulation of water in the extracellular space of the brain tissue?

    <p>Vasogenic edema</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following methods is considered invasive for drug delivery to the central nervous system (CNS)?

    <p>Intrathecal delivery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of hydrocephalus is characterized by a blockage at the level of the subarachnoid space or arachnoid villi, while the ventricles are still communicating?

    <p>Communicating hydrocephalus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a method of drug delivery to the central nervous system (CNS)?

    <p>Intravenous delivery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of a lumbar puncture?

    <p>To collect a sample of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what position is a lumbar puncture usually performed?

    <p>Sitting position</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main cause of hydrocephalus?

    <p>Blockage of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) flow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the arachnoid villi?

    <p>To absorb cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of the glymphatic system?

    <p>To clear protein fragments from the brain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a function of the blood-brain barrier (BBB)?

    <p>Acting as a drainage system for waste removal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is responsible for the circulation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)?

    <p>Choroid plexus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the specific gravity of CSF compared to brain tissue?

    <p>Lower</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main cause of hydrocephalus?

    <p>Blockage at the level of the subarachnoid space or arachnoid villi</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the glymphatic system?

    <p>Removing waste from the brain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the blood-brain barrier (BBB)?

    <p>Preventing the entry of endogenous &amp; exogenous toxins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)?

    <p>Protection/Cushioning of the brain in the cranium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main cause of hydrocephalus?

    <p>Blockage at the level of the subarachnoid space or arachnoid villi</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the choroidal cells in CSF production?

    <p>Creating a gradient of Na &amp; Cl to produce an osmotic effect resulting in water secretion into the ventricles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What separates the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from the brain tissue?

    <p>Blood-brain barrier (BBB)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main cause of vasogenic edema in the brain?

    <p>Breakdown of the blood-brain barrier (BBB)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following can break the blood-brain barrier (BBB)?

    <p>High blood pressure (HTN)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of hydrocephalus is characterized by blockage at the level of the subarachnoid space or arachnoid villi?

    <p>Communicating hydrocephalus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following methods is considered invasive for drug delivery to the central nervous system (CNS)?

    <p>Intrathecal delivery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the glymphatic system?

    <p>To clear waste products from the brain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Function and Dysfunction of the CNS Barriers

    • The blood-brain barrier (BBB) controls the movement of substances in and out of the brain to protect its sensitive tissue.
    • The brain has an extensive capillary network, accounting for 15-20% of cardiac output.
    • The cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) circulation supplies neurons and glia with oxygen and nutrients, removes waste, and acts as a drainage system.
    • Brain capillaries have tight junctions between endothelial cells, forming the BBB and preventing free exchange between blood and brain tissue.
    • The BBB has limited pinocytic and transcytic activity, while systemic capillaries have gaps and fenestrations for easy exchange of materials.
    • Various transport systems, including carriers, channels, and receptor-mediated transport, help molecules pass through the BBB.
    • Tight junctions, formed by proteins like claudin and occludin, act as the site of the BBB.
    • The neurovascular unit consists of endothelial cells, astrocytes, and pericytes, which work together to control the entry and exit of substances in the nervous system.
    • The choroid plexus, a highly vascularized tissue, produces most of the CSF, which freely exchanges with brain tissue.
    • The blood-CSF barrier allows molecules in the CSF to freely exchange with brain tissue, while the ependymal layer separates CSF from brain tissue.
    • CSF secretion is driven by the osmotic effect of sodium movement, and CSF turnover rate is approximately 3.33 times a day.
    • CSF acts as a cushion for the brain, supplies nutrients, removes waste, provides a route for substance movement from brain to blood, and is drained into the venous blood through the arachnoid villi.

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    Lecture 6: Function & Dysfunction of the CNS Barriers PDF

    Description

    Quiz: Test your knowledge on the function and dysfunction of the CNS barriers. Explore the intricacies of the blood brain barrier and its role in protecting the brain. Learn about the extensive capillary network and its crucial role in brain circulation. Understand how the CSF-ventricular system supplies essential nutrients to neurons and glia while eliminating waste.

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