Brain Anatomy: Blood Brain Barrier and Imaging
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Questions and Answers

What is the main function of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) mentioned in the text?

  • Regulates the passage of substances between the bloodstream and brain tissue (correct)
  • Prevents the passage of all substances between the bloodstream and brain tissue
  • Allows all molecules to freely cross into the brain tissue
  • Only allows lipophilic radiopharmaceuticals to cross into the brain tissue

Which type of imaging approach uses radiopharmaceuticals that do not routinely cross an intact blood-brain barrier?

  • PET Metabolic and Receptor Brain Imaging
  • MRI Brain Imaging
  • Planar Brain Imaging (correct)
  • SPECT Brain Perfusion Imaging

What kind of radiopharmaceuticals does SPECT Brain Perfusion Imaging use?

  • Lipophilic radiopharmaceuticals that cross the blood-brain barrier (correct)
  • Radiopharmaceuticals that do not cross the blood-brain barrier
  • Radiopharmaceuticals that only localize in pathologic processes
  • Highly selective radiopharmaceuticals

Which imaging approach uses functional positron-emitting radiopharmaceuticals?

<p>PET Metabolic and Receptor Brain Imaging (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which imaging approach are radio-labeled fluorodeoxyglucose used as a glucose analog?

<p>PET Metabolic and Receptor Brain Imaging (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where is the blood-brain barrier (BBB) mainly located within the brain?

<p>In the walls of capillaries, arterioles, and venules (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the brain is involved in planning, judgement, and personality?

<p>Frontal lobe (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the postcentral gyrus?

<p>Sensory function (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which structure controls basic functions like cardiac and respiratory centers in the brain stem?

<p>Medulla and pons (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main role of the hypothalamus in the brain?

<p>Regulation of body temperature (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which cells help form the blood-brain barrier?

<p>Astrocytes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary source of energy for the brain?

<p>$ ext{Glucose}$ (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which cells form the myelin sheath for insulation within axons?

<p>$ ext{Oligodendrocytes}$ (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of the ventricular system within the brain?

<p>$ ext{Circulation}$ of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of basal ganglia in the brain?

<p>Control muscle tone and tremors (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main role of the cerebellum in the brain?

<p>Coordination of skeletal muscle movement (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of injection for CSF imaging allows the dose to be administered into the subarachnoid space?

<p>Administered into the subarachnoid space (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary characteristic of 99mTc-HMPAO during a brain scan?

<p>Only crosses a compromised blood-brain barrier and in proportion to blood flow (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately describes 99mTc-pertechnetate and 99mTc-DTPA as radiopharmaceuticals?

<p>Only distribute in situations of an altered blood-brain barrier (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of Acetylcholine in the brain and heart?

<p>Excitatory in the brain and inhibitory in the heart (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the radiopharmaceutical used for epilepsy SPECT?

<p>99mTc-HMPAO (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement regarding Diomox is true?

<p>Can give false positive results (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of dimming the lights in the room before imaging?

<p>To reduce environmental stimulation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When should the IV be placed before injection?

<p>10-15 minutes before injection (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What instruction should be given to the patient regarding reading or speaking during the imaging procedure?

<p>Avoid reading or speaking (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which RP is used for a brain PET scan to detect mild symptoms of Parkinson's disease?

<p>C-11/F-18 beta CIT (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended RP for diagnosing brain death using planar imaging?

<p>Tc-99m DTPA (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What technique is most sensitive for localizing the epileptogenic focus in complex partial seizures arising from the temporal lobe?

<p>Ictal imaging with HMPAO/CED during a seizure (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which RP is used for assessing CSF dynamics and only approved by the USA for this purpose?

<p>In-111 DTPA (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

"Misery perfusion" in stroke refers to:

<p>Maintenance of cellular metabolism in the affected area (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

"Luxury perfusion" in stroke refers to:

<p>&quot;Luxury perfusion&quot; in a healthy area away from the affected site (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

"Cisternography" is used primarily for:

<p>&quot;Diagnosis of hydrocephalus&quot; (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common site for CSF leak?

<p>Paranasal sinuses (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the approximate normal ratio of pledgets activity to average plasma activity in CSF leak evaluation?

<p>1:1.3 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of a ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt?

<p>To move cerebrospinal fluid from the ventricles to another site (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does PET imaging with F-18 FDG help detect in Alzheimer's disease?

<p>Glucose metabolism changes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which RP is suggested for amyloid beta plaque deposition detection in Alzheimer's disease?

<p>C-11 Pittsburgh compound B (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic feature of Lewy body dementia on F-18 FDG PET imaging?

<p>Decreased metabolism in the striatum (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a distinguishing feature of vascular dementia on brain imaging?

<p>Asymmetric perfusion and metabolic abnormalities (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What imaging techniques are initially used to evaluate dementia?

<p>CT and MRI (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary advantage of PET over SPECT imaging techniques?

<p>Improved resolution and evaluation of metabolic activities (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the key feature observed in Alzheimer's disease due to accelerated neuronal death?

<p>Decreased blood flow and glucose metabolism in affected regions (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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