42 Questions
What is the main function of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) mentioned in the text?
Regulates the passage of substances between the bloodstream and brain tissue
Which type of imaging approach uses radiopharmaceuticals that do not routinely cross an intact blood-brain barrier?
Planar Brain Imaging
What kind of radiopharmaceuticals does SPECT Brain Perfusion Imaging use?
Lipophilic radiopharmaceuticals that cross the blood-brain barrier
Which imaging approach uses functional positron-emitting radiopharmaceuticals?
PET Metabolic and Receptor Brain Imaging
In which imaging approach are radio-labeled fluorodeoxyglucose used as a glucose analog?
PET Metabolic and Receptor Brain Imaging
Where is the blood-brain barrier (BBB) mainly located within the brain?
In the walls of capillaries, arterioles, and venules
Which part of the brain is involved in planning, judgement, and personality?
Frontal lobe
What is the main function of the postcentral gyrus?
Sensory function
Which structure controls basic functions like cardiac and respiratory centers in the brain stem?
Medulla and pons
What is the main role of the hypothalamus in the brain?
Regulation of body temperature
Which cells help form the blood-brain barrier?
Astrocytes
What is the primary source of energy for the brain?
$ ext{Glucose}$
Which cells form the myelin sheath for insulation within axons?
$ ext{Oligodendrocytes}$
What is the main purpose of the ventricular system within the brain?
$ ext{Circulation}$ of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)
What is the function of basal ganglia in the brain?
Control muscle tone and tremors
What is the main role of the cerebellum in the brain?
Coordination of skeletal muscle movement
Which type of injection for CSF imaging allows the dose to be administered into the subarachnoid space?
Administered into the subarachnoid space
What is the primary characteristic of 99mTc-HMPAO during a brain scan?
Only crosses a compromised blood-brain barrier and in proportion to blood flow
Which statement accurately describes 99mTc-pertechnetate and 99mTc-DTPA as radiopharmaceuticals?
Only distribute in situations of an altered blood-brain barrier
What is the function of Acetylcholine in the brain and heart?
Excitatory in the brain and inhibitory in the heart
What is the radiopharmaceutical used for epilepsy SPECT?
99mTc-HMPAO
Which statement regarding Diomox is true?
Can give false positive results
What is the purpose of dimming the lights in the room before imaging?
To reduce environmental stimulation
When should the IV be placed before injection?
10-15 minutes before injection
What instruction should be given to the patient regarding reading or speaking during the imaging procedure?
Avoid reading or speaking
Which RP is used for a brain PET scan to detect mild symptoms of Parkinson's disease?
C-11/F-18 beta CIT
What is the recommended RP for diagnosing brain death using planar imaging?
Tc-99m DTPA
What technique is most sensitive for localizing the epileptogenic focus in complex partial seizures arising from the temporal lobe?
Ictal imaging with HMPAO/CED during a seizure
Which RP is used for assessing CSF dynamics and only approved by the USA for this purpose?
In-111 DTPA
"Misery perfusion" in stroke refers to:
Maintenance of cellular metabolism in the affected area
"Luxury perfusion" in stroke refers to:
"Luxury perfusion" in a healthy area away from the affected site
"Cisternography" is used primarily for:
"Diagnosis of hydrocephalus"
What is the most common site for CSF leak?
Paranasal sinuses
What is the approximate normal ratio of pledgets activity to average plasma activity in CSF leak evaluation?
1:1.3
What is the purpose of a ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt?
To move cerebrospinal fluid from the ventricles to another site
What does PET imaging with F-18 FDG help detect in Alzheimer's disease?
Glucose metabolism changes
Which RP is suggested for amyloid beta plaque deposition detection in Alzheimer's disease?
C-11 Pittsburgh compound B
What is a characteristic feature of Lewy body dementia on F-18 FDG PET imaging?
Decreased metabolism in the striatum
What is a distinguishing feature of vascular dementia on brain imaging?
Asymmetric perfusion and metabolic abnormalities
What imaging techniques are initially used to evaluate dementia?
CT and MRI
What is the primary advantage of PET over SPECT imaging techniques?
Improved resolution and evaluation of metabolic activities
What is the key feature observed in Alzheimer's disease due to accelerated neuronal death?
Decreased blood flow and glucose metabolism in affected regions
Explore the anatomy of the brain's blood brain barrier (BBB) and how it protects the central nervous system. Learn about the selective nature of BBB and common neuroimaging approaches like Planar Brain Imaging. Test your knowledge on substances that can cross the BBB and imaging techniques.
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