Brain Anatomy: Blood Brain Barrier and Imaging
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Questions and Answers

What is the main function of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) mentioned in the text?

  • Regulates the passage of substances between the bloodstream and brain tissue (correct)
  • Prevents the passage of all substances between the bloodstream and brain tissue
  • Allows all molecules to freely cross into the brain tissue
  • Only allows lipophilic radiopharmaceuticals to cross into the brain tissue

    • Which type of imaging approach uses radiopharmaceuticals that do not routinely cross an intact blood-brain barrier?

  • PET Metabolic and Receptor Brain Imaging
  • MRI Brain Imaging
  • Planar Brain Imaging (correct)
  • SPECT Brain Perfusion Imaging

    • What kind of radiopharmaceuticals does SPECT Brain Perfusion Imaging use?

  • Lipophilic radiopharmaceuticals that cross the blood-brain barrier (correct)
  • Radiopharmaceuticals that do not cross the blood-brain barrier
  • Radiopharmaceuticals that only localize in pathologic processes
  • Highly selective radiopharmaceuticals

    • Which imaging approach uses functional positron-emitting radiopharmaceuticals?

    <p>PET Metabolic and Receptor Brain Imaging</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which imaging approach are radio-labeled fluorodeoxyglucose used as a glucose analog?

    <p>PET Metabolic and Receptor Brain Imaging</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is the blood-brain barrier (BBB) mainly located within the brain?

    <p>In the walls of capillaries, arterioles, and venules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the brain is involved in planning, judgement, and personality?

    <p>Frontal lobe</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the postcentral gyrus?

    <p>Sensory function</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure controls basic functions like cardiac and respiratory centers in the brain stem?

    <p>Medulla and pons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main role of the hypothalamus in the brain?

    <p>Regulation of body temperature</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cells help form the blood-brain barrier?

    <p>Astrocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary source of energy for the brain?

    <p>$ ext{Glucose}$</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cells form the myelin sheath for insulation within axons?

    <p>$ ext{Oligodendrocytes}$</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of the ventricular system within the brain?

    <p>$ ext{Circulation}$ of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of basal ganglia in the brain?

    <p>Control muscle tone and tremors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main role of the cerebellum in the brain?

    <p>Coordination of skeletal muscle movement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of injection for CSF imaging allows the dose to be administered into the subarachnoid space?

    <p>Administered into the subarachnoid space</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary characteristic of 99mTc-HMPAO during a brain scan?

    <p>Only crosses a compromised blood-brain barrier and in proportion to blood flow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement accurately describes 99mTc-pertechnetate and 99mTc-DTPA as radiopharmaceuticals?

    <p>Only distribute in situations of an altered blood-brain barrier</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of Acetylcholine in the brain and heart?

    <p>Excitatory in the brain and inhibitory in the heart</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the radiopharmaceutical used for epilepsy SPECT?

    <p>99mTc-HMPAO</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement regarding Diomox is true?

    <p>Can give false positive results</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of dimming the lights in the room before imaging?

    <p>To reduce environmental stimulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When should the IV be placed before injection?

    <p>10-15 minutes before injection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What instruction should be given to the patient regarding reading or speaking during the imaging procedure?

    <p>Avoid reading or speaking</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which RP is used for a brain PET scan to detect mild symptoms of Parkinson's disease?

    <p>C-11/F-18 beta CIT</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended RP for diagnosing brain death using planar imaging?

    <p>Tc-99m DTPA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What technique is most sensitive for localizing the epileptogenic focus in complex partial seizures arising from the temporal lobe?

    <p>Ictal imaging with HMPAO/CED during a seizure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which RP is used for assessing CSF dynamics and only approved by the USA for this purpose?

    <p>In-111 DTPA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    "Misery perfusion" in stroke refers to:

    <p>Maintenance of cellular metabolism in the affected area</p> Signup and view all the answers

    "Luxury perfusion" in stroke refers to:

    <p>&quot;Luxury perfusion&quot; in a healthy area away from the affected site</p> Signup and view all the answers

    "Cisternography" is used primarily for:

    <p>&quot;Diagnosis of hydrocephalus&quot;</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common site for CSF leak?

    <p>Paranasal sinuses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the approximate normal ratio of pledgets activity to average plasma activity in CSF leak evaluation?

    <p>1:1.3</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt?

    <p>To move cerebrospinal fluid from the ventricles to another site</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does PET imaging with F-18 FDG help detect in Alzheimer's disease?

    <p>Glucose metabolism changes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which RP is suggested for amyloid beta plaque deposition detection in Alzheimer's disease?

    <p>C-11 Pittsburgh compound B</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic feature of Lewy body dementia on F-18 FDG PET imaging?

    <p>Decreased metabolism in the striatum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a distinguishing feature of vascular dementia on brain imaging?

    <p>Asymmetric perfusion and metabolic abnormalities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What imaging techniques are initially used to evaluate dementia?

    <p>CT and MRI</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary advantage of PET over SPECT imaging techniques?

    <p>Improved resolution and evaluation of metabolic activities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key feature observed in Alzheimer's disease due to accelerated neuronal death?

    <p>Decreased blood flow and glucose metabolism in affected regions</p> Signup and view all the answers

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