Botany 2: Herbal Pharmacology

Herbal Preparations

• Infusion is a water-based extraction method used for delicate plant parts like leaves or flowers.

Infusion Method

• Marshmallow root requires cold water for extraction when making an infusion.

Decoction Method

• Decoctions are typically steeped in hot water for 10-20 minutes.
• The root part of the plant is used to make a decoction.
• Roots are best harvested in the fall or early spring.

Fomentation (Compress)

• The herb recommended for a fomentation (compress) is not specified.

Decoction Preparation

• A decoction should be simmered for 20-30 minutes.

Tincture Method

• The method not used to make a tincture is infusion.
• The ratio of herb material to liquid (alcohol) used in the Maceration Method is 1:5.
• A minimum of 90% alcohol is needed to extract resins and oils in a tincture.

Mucilage Content

• Marshmallow root is an herb best extracted in water for its mucilage content.

Topical Preparations

• The method primarily used for skin and muscle issues, and inflammation, is fomentation (compress).

Infused Oils

• The approximate shelf life of infused oils is 6-12 months.

Herbal Intake

• It is recommended to take herbal preparations on an empty stomach, preferably 15-30 minutes before meals.

Syrups and Elixirs

• The general dosing guideline for syrups and elixirs for adults is 1-2 teaspoons, 2-3 times a day.
• The method used to make herbal syrups involves simmering herbs in water and then mixing with honey.

Vinegar-based Preparations

• Vinegar is used as an alternative to tinctures, especially for those who cannot tolerate alcohol.

Steam Inhalations

• The main purpose of using steam inhalations is to relieve respiratory issues.

Topical Use

• Salves, ointments, and creams are types of herbal preparations mainly used for external use only.