Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs Quiz and Chapter 5
109 Questions
1 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What does Maslow's hierarchy of needs suggest about human behavior?

  • Behavior is influenced by physiological needs only.
  • The more intense a specific need, the less it influences behavior.
  • Behaviors reflect an individual's underlying needs. (correct)
  • People act based solely on social approval.

    • What is the distinction between needs and motives in psychology?

  • Needs are biological requirements, while motives are psychological drivers. (correct)
  • Needs and motives are the same and can be used interchangeably.
  • Needs are motivations driven by social influences, while motives are purely biological.
  • Needs are temporary, while motives are permanent.

    • What is the primary focus of Henry Murray's needs interpretation theory?

  • Biological needs and instincts
  • Psychological needs and motivational factors (correct)
  • Social needs related to group behavior
  • Cognitive development stages

    • Which of the following statements correctly describe motive states and motive dispositions?

    <p>Motive states are temporary feelings that arise in response to specific situations, whereas motive dispositions refer to stable, long-term patterns of behavior and preferences.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the Thematic Apperception Test (TAT), developed by Henry A. Murray, measure?

    <p>Personality and emotional functioning</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the three primary motives identified by David McClelland?

    <p>Achievement, Affiliation, Power</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the differences between the needs for achievement, affiliation, intimacy, and power?

    <p>Achievement is the desire for success and mastery, while affiliation refers to the need for social interactions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following represents the big three motivational dispositions?

    <p>Need for achievement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the motive approach to personality emphasize compared to the trait approach?

    <p>Underlying needs and motives</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the viewpoint discussed, what is the main source of individual differences in personality?

    <p>Chronic need strength</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one aspect of behavior that differs between individuals with high achievement motives and those with lower levels of achievement motives?

    <p>The types of tasks they prefer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are some characteristics of individuals who score high in the need for power?

    <p>They seek positions of influence and enjoy guiding others.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between the need for affiliation and the need for intimacy?

    <p>Need for affiliation focuses on group interactions, while need for intimacy emphasizes one-to-one relationships.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What underlying concepts do theorists use besides motives to explain behavior according to the research on inhibited power motivation?

    <p>Incentive value</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the characteristics of individuals with a high Need for Achievement (nACH)?

    <p>They must win at any cost and seek recognition.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a high Need for Affiliation (nAFF) indicate about a person's behavior?

    <p>Demands blind loyalty and harmony, and does not tolerate disagreement.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the characteristics of high and low nPOW (Need for Power)?

    <p>High: desires control of everyone and everything; Low: dependent and minimizes own position.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term did Murray coin to refer to the study of the whole person?

    <p>Personology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the PSE (Picture Story Exercise) primarily measure in the context of motives?

    <p>People's motives as reflected in their interpretation of ambiguous stimuli</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do needs and motives influence a person's behavior according to Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs?

    <p>They dictate a person's choices and reactions to situations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Henry Murray's definition, what is a need?

    <p>An internal state that reflects less than satisfactory conditions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements accurately describes the relationship between biological needs and psychological needs in Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs?

    <p>Biological needs must be satisfied repeatedly, leading to a growing intensity of psychological needs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs, how does the strength of a need influence behavior?

    <p>Stronger needs result in more intense and prioritized actions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the graphic display mentioned in the text 5.1 illustrate about behavior changes over time?

    <p>It shows how needs affect behavior.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between needs and motives as discussed in David McClelland's theory?

    <p>Needs occur in the tissues of the body, whereas motives are psychological states that lead to behavior.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'press' refer to in Murray's theory?

    <p>An external influence on motivation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can internal need states and external press influence motives and behavior?

    <p>They can influence motives to engage in particular kinds of action.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do dispositional motives influence an individual's personality?

    <p>They influence behavior but can vary over time and situations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Henry Murray's theory, what aspect of personality is organized in terms of needs and motives?

    <p>Needs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the Thematic Apperception Test (TAT) used to measure?

    <p>Motives projected into fantasies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Do fantasy stories really reflect people's needs according to early studies on the Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)?

    <p>Yes, they do reflect needs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What conclusion did McClelland reach regarding the achievement motive based on his study?

    <p>Both success and failure can arouse the achievement motive.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to McClelland's study, what can arouse the achievement motive?

    <p>Both experiences of success and failure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which four major motive dispositions have been studied in relation to behavior using the picture story exercise (PSE)?

    <p>Achievement, Affiliation, Power, Competence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who was one of the key researchers that studied the need for achievement as identified by Murray?

    <p>David McClelland</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In general, which type of task do individuals with a high need for achievement prefer when given the option?

    <p>Tasks of moderate difficulty</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason people high in achievement motivation prefer tasks of middle difficulty?

    <p>Middle difficulty tasks provide the most information about their ability.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the study based on Trope (1975), what trend was observed regarding achievement motivation and the preference for diagnostic items?

    <p>Participants with higher levels of achievement motivation had a stronger preference for highly diagnostic items.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the need for achievement relate to, according to studies mentioned in the excerpt?

    <p>Greater persistence in the face of failure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the main finding of McClelland's study on achievement imagery and economic growth?

    <p>There was a strong association between achievement imagery in 1925 and economic growth from 1925 to 1950.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What has research indicated about the need for achievement in relation to high-level politics?

    <p>It is often frustrated due to limited control over outcomes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement accurately reflects the focus of early studies on the achievement motive?

    <p>Men were the main focus, often examining stereotypically masculine achievements.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Elder and MacInnis (1983), how did the achievement needs differ between family-oriented women and career-minded women?

    <p>Career-minded women delayed marriage and family to advance their careers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to David Winter's research, what does the need for power primarily indicate?

    <p>The motive to have impact on others and feel strong</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What behaviors are typically associated with individuals high in the need for power? (Select all that apply)

    <p>Seek positions of authority</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor contributes to the effectiveness of power-motivated individuals in diplomatic negotiations?

    <p>They learn implicitly from their outcomes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to research, men with high power needs tend to prefer which type of partner?

    <p>A dependent woman</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do people with a high need for power typically respond to peer interactions?

    <p>They take an active, assertive, controlling orientation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What typically results in increased cortisol levels for individuals with a high need for power?

    <p>Failure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Wirth et al. (2006), how does the stress hormone cortisol react differently to failure and success based on the need for power?

    <p>Higher need for power results in greater cortisol increase after failure.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between the need for power and testosterone according to Schultheiss et al. (2005)?

    <p>A high need for power is related to an increase in testosterone after success and a decrease after failure.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was observed in relation to estradiol and power motivation among competition winners and losers?

    <p>Estradiol increased among winners with high power motivation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Winter, how does the power motive manifest depending on a person's sense of responsibility during socialization?

    <p>It can yield both positive and negative outcomes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Winter and Barenbaum (1985) discover about the need for power among men low and high in responsibility?

    <p>The need for power was inversely related to drinking, fighting, and sexual possessiveness among men high in responsibility.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Winter (2007) find regarding the power motive in crises leading to war versus peaceful resolutions?

    <p>Crisis situations leading to war showed more displays of the power motive.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary motive behind the need for affiliation?

    <p>To spend time with others and form friendly social ties</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following behaviors are indicative of a strong affiliation motive? (Select all that apply)

    <p>Preferring warm interaction partners over reserved ones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the research on the affiliation motive, what correlates with relationship satisfaction between partners?

    <p>The balance of affiliation needs between partners</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the need for intimacy primarily characterized by?

    <p>A desire to experience warm, close, and communicative exchanges with another person</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What types of behavior are typically associated with the intimacy motive?

    <p>Engaging in self-disclosure and listening</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did McAdams (1982) find regarding individuals with high intimacy needs in their autobiographical recollections?

    <p>They had strong correlations between intimacy motivation and memory content implying intimacy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do people high in the intimacy motive typically behave when they are interacting with others?

    <p>They laugh, smile, and make more eye contact.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the inhibited power motivation pattern characterized by?

    <p>Low need for affiliation and high need for power</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What pattern of motivation in political leaders is associated with the likelihood of going to war, according to Winter (1993)?

    <p>High power motivation and low affiliation motivation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key distinction between implicit and self-attributed motives in influencing behavior?

    <p>Implicit motives are automatically activated, while self-attributed motives are influenced by self-reported feelings.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the text, what determines how a motive is expressed in actions?

    <p>Incentive values assigned to various actions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to McClelland's view, how do needs and incentives differ in influencing behavior?

    <p>Needs influence behavior primarily at a nonconscious level, while incentives influence the conscious process of choice.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the significant implications of using the TAT or PSE to assess motives instead of asking individuals directly?

    <p>It uncovers implicit motives that may not be openly acknowledged.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do McClelland and his colleagues refer to the results of the PSE as, and how do they differentiate it from self-reports?

    <p>Implicit motives are measured by PSE, while self-attributed motives are measured by self-reports.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to McClelland et al. (1989), what is the primary function of implicit motives compared to self-attributed motives?

    <p>Implicit motives are good predictors of broad behavioral tendencies over time.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What prediction does the research suggest about implicit motives compared to self-attributed motives in relation to memory recall?

    <p>Implicit motives predict recall of specific events.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to McClelland, why is it important to differentiate between implicit motives and self-attributed motives?

    <p>They predict outcomes differently in various contexts.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between approach and avoidance motives?

    <p>Approach motives focus on seeking success, while avoidance motives focus on preventing failure.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Atkinson's theory of achievement behavior, what are the two primary motives that can drive individuals in achievement situations?

    <p>Motivation to avoid failure and motivation to approach success</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Elliot and McGregor (2001), which of the following motivations is associated with effectively organizing study time?

    <p>Motive to avoid failure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between approach motives and avoidance motives in the context of romantic relationships?

    <p>Approach motives lead to higher relationship satisfaction over time, while avoidance motives lead to lower satisfaction.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What implications does the idea that any approach motive has a corresponding avoidance motive have on our understanding of human behavior?

    <p>It complicates the picture of human behavior enormously.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Does the five-factor trait model adequately capture the qualities that motive theorists consider important?

    <p>No, it does not align well with all measures of self-attributed motives.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Winter et al. (1998), how do traits and motives interact to produce behavior?

    <p>Motives are fundamental desires that traits channel in expression.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Winter et al., how do intimacy needs affect introverts and extraverts in relationships?

    <p>Introverts with high intimacy needs may experience relationship challenges.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Based on the interaction between the affiliation–intimacy motive and the trait of introversion–extraversion, what is true about extraverts with a high affiliation–intimacy motive?

    <p>They are more likely to maintain intimate relationships.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What approach did Murray favor for understanding personality in his research?

    <p>Studying the whole person over an extended period</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term did Murray coin to refer to his preferred approach to studying personality, which emphasizes individual lives and their influencing factors?

    <p>Personology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What aspect of identity does Dan McAdams propose through the narrative perspective?

    <p>Identity takes the form of a coherent narrative across time.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What assessment technique is most associated with determining a person's motive dispositions according to the motive viewpoint?

    <p>Picture Story Exercise (PSE)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do the stories written in the Thematic Apperception Test (TAT) or picture story exercise (PSE) primarily reflect about an individual?

    <p>Their motives and personality traits</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the primary motives assessed by stories according to Winter (1994)?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant criticism of self-report measures of motives compared to traditional assessment methods?

    <p>They may not reflect the same underlying motivations as implicit measures.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of a procedure derived from the reasoning behind assessing implicit constructs?

    <p>Implicit Association Test (IAT)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the main focus of the motive approach to personality?

    <p>Understanding specific domains of human activity such as achievement and affiliation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to research, why might a person with a need for power develop a drinking problem?

    <p>Drinking alcohol leads to feelings of power.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What were the two main focuses of the treatment program developed for individuals using alcohol to satisfy their desire for power?

    <p>Enhancing awareness of the motive behind drinking and finding alternative ways to satisfy the need for power</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary goal of the training program developed by McClelland and his colleagues for businesspeople?

    <p>To raise achievement motivation through achievement imagery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What were the findings of the two-year follow-up of the participants in the course compared to the control participants?

    <p>Participants were more likely to have started new business ventures.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one major criticism of the motive approach to personality as discussed in the chapter?

    <p>The intuitive lists of needs may be incomplete.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What has been a common limitation in research on personality and motive dispositions?

    <p>Focusing primarily on one motive at a time</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the motive perspective, what primarily influences an individual's behavior?

    <p>Underlying needs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements accurately describes the need for affiliation and the related need for intimacy?

    <p>People with strong affiliation needs tend to think about being with others when alone.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term did Murray coin to refer to the study of the whole person?

    <p>Personology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two underlying assumptions of the Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)?

    <p>Manifest needs are reflected in overt behavior, and latent needs are not reflected in behavior.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following categories describes the need for achievement in TAT responses?

    <p>Doing things well and feeling pleasure in overcoming obstacles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What concept explains how the incentive value of a behavior influences the conscious choice of action based on the intensity of multiple needs?

    <p>Incentive Theory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is suggested about the motive underlying behavioral problems?

    <p>It can be channelled in alternative ways to provide help.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one criticism of the Thematic Apperception Test (TAT) according to Tuerlinckx, De Boeck and Lens (2002)?

    <p>It is considered unreliable and unscientific.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Primary needs:

    <p>are based in our biological nature.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The distinction between needs and motives involves:

    <p>motives that are more closely related to behaviour.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Personology refers to the study of:

    <p>the whole person.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    TAT stands for 'the apparent test'.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Needs are directive.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    More Like This

    Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs Quiz
    16 questions

    Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs Quiz: Test Your Knowledge

    BestPerformingPolarBear avatar
    BestPerformingPolarBear
    Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs Quiz
    5 questions

    Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs Quiz

    TolerableParadise4243 avatar
    TolerableParadise4243
    Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs Quiz
    5 questions

    Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs Quiz

    AstonishingFluorine avatar
    AstonishingFluorine
    Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs Quiz
    17 questions

    Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs Quiz

    AuthenticStatueOfLiberty avatar
    AuthenticStatueOfLiberty
    Use Quizgecko on...
    Browser
    Open
    Browser
    Browser