Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs

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What is the main assumption behind Maslow's needs hierarchy?

That needs are universally the same across cultures

That higher needs must be satisfied before turning to lower needs

That any behavior is motivated by a single need

That lower needs must be satisfied before turning to higher needs (correct)

What is the core idea of Personal Responsibility in this approach?

People are responsible for what happens to them (correct)

People are not responsible for their actions

People are responsible for what happens to others

People are responsible for their circumstances

What is the primary focus of the therapist in this approach?

To analyze the client's past experiences

To provide solutions to the client's problems

To provide guidance and direction to the client

To understand the client's experiences and provide a therapeutic atmosphere (correct)

What is the concept of 'Fully Functioning Individual' related to?

Carl Rogers' concept of fully functioning individual Signup and view all the answers

What is the goal of personal growth in this approach?

To reach a state of ultimate satisfaction Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of the 'Here and Now' concept?

To enable clients to live in the present moment Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of self-actualization need?

To identify one's true self and reach full potential Signup and view all the answers

What happens when the gap between self-concept and reality becomes too large?

One experiences extreme anxiety Signup and view all the answers

What is conditional positive regard characterized by?

Atmosphere of admiration when accepted behavior is portrayed Signup and view all the answers

What is a necessary condition for B-love to develop?

D-love must be satisfied Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of unconditional positive regard?

Resolution of conditional positive regard Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between D-love and B-love?

D-love is a need, while B-love is an experience Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the disadvantages of using Contingencies of Self-Worth to determine self-esteem?

People sometimes select contingencies that are difficult to achieve. Signup and view all the answers

What is the 'Approval from Generalized Others' contingency based on?

What we think others think of us Signup and view all the answers

According to the 'Experience Sampling Method', how do people typically react to time alone?

They find it less pleasant than time spent with others. Signup and view all the answers

What is the 'Virtue' contingency based on?

Adhering to our personal ethical standards Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the purposes of longer periods of solitude, measured in hours?

To work through personal problems and make important decisions Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for short periods of solitude, measured in minutes, that can provide emotional renewal?

Self-restoration Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome for dogs who were exposed to shocks initially with no way of escape?

They remained in the shock area even after having access to a safe area. Signup and view all the answers

What did the experiment group experience in the initial puzzle-solving task?

They were given unsolvable puzzles, so they could not turn off the loud noise. Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of inappropriately generalizing what is learned in the initial trial?

Learned helplessness and a decrease in motivation. Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of how people can learn to be helpless?

By observing others who are helpless and saying 'there is no use in trying'. Signup and view all the answers

What did the dogs who were not exposed to the initial shock manage to do?

They avoided shock by jumping over the partition. Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome for participants who were able to solve the problems and turn off the noise in the initial task?

They performed similarly to the control group on the second set of problems. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary factor that determines a person's aggressiveness according to the General Aggression Model?

The accessibility of aggressive behavior scripts Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of aggressive thoughts being easily accessible?

Acts of violence become a real possibility Signup and view all the answers

How do people typically learn aggressive scripts?

By watching aggressive models Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of personal and situational factors in the General Aggression Model?

They activate aggression-related thoughts and emotions Signup and view all the answers

Why are highly accessible scripts particularly dangerous in certain situations?

They increase the likelihood of impulsive aggression Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary way that aggressive behavior scripts are practiced?

Through physical or imaginative rehearsal Signup and view all the answers