Existential Psychology and Maslow's Needs
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is NOT a key concept in Yalom's existential psychology?

  • Contending with our ultimate autonomy and aloneness
  • Dealing with the awareness of impermanence, change, and death
  • Finding purpose and meaning in life
  • Embracing the notion of a higher power or supernatural force (correct)

    • What is the relationship between change and mental/physical health?

  • There is no relationship between change and mental/physical health.
  • Change is directly responsible for all mental and physical health problems.
  • Change can be a source of stress and contribute to mental and physical health problems. (correct)
  • Change is only a factor in mental health, not physical health.

    • What is the main focus of experimental existential psychology?

  • The exploration of the biological basis of existential concerns.
  • The study of how people cope with the awareness of death and mortality. (correct)
  • The analysis of historical and philosophical perspectives on existentialism.
  • The development of therapeutic techniques specifically for existential issues.

    • Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a key question to ask when aligning your life with meaning and purpose?

    <p>What are your greatest fears? (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the concept of purpose and meaning in life, as defined by the text?

    <p>Purpose involves action, while meaning is a sense of understanding about what is and why it is. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs, which of the following is considered the highest level of human need?

    <p>Self-actualization (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements best summarizes the relationship between finding purpose and awareness of death, as presented in the text?

    <p>Awareness of life's finiteness motivates individuals to find purpose and make the most of their time. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does existential psychology emphasize as a key element of human experience?

    <p>The individual's unique experience of being alive and the implications of that awareness (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of the human brain is devoted to social interactions?

    <p>23% (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two qualities that Maddi (2002) added to Kobasa's (1979) definition of Existential Hardiness?

    <p>Social Support and Physical Exercise (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary distinction between happiness and meaning in this context?

    <p>All of the above are valid distinctions. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the significant negative impacts of lacking a sense of purpose in life?

    <p>Lower life satisfaction. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between intrinsic and extrinsic religious orientation?

    <p>Intrinsic orientation is based on personal beliefs, while extrinsic orientation is based on social factors. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a potential benefit associated with religion and spirituality?

    <p>Increased financial stability. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main idea of the text snippet about Existential Hardiness?

    <p>Existential Hardiness can help people to cope with difficult challenges in life. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most accurate description of the relationship between religion and spirituality?

    <p>Religion and spirituality are two independent concepts, but often overlap. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flashcards

    Humans as meaning-makers

    Humans are naturally inclined to create meaning through social interaction and thought.

    Brain allocation for thinking

    32% of the brain is dedicated to thinking processes.

    Brain allocation for social interaction

    23% of the brain focuses on navigating social interactions and relationships.

    Happiness vs. Meaning

    Happiness is self-focused and present-oriented; meaning is other-focused and integrates past, present, and future.

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    Sense of Purpose in Life

    Having purpose relates to greater life satisfaction, lower death rates, prosocial behavior, and college retention.

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    Existential Hardiness

    The ability to adapt and thrive through challenges, including commitment, control, and support.

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    Intrinsic vs. Extrinsic Orientation

    Intrinsic seeks personal meaning; extrinsic seeks social connections.

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    Effects of Religion and Spirituality

    Both have positive health impacts, but religion is institutional while spirituality is personal.

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    Existential Psychology

    A psychological approach emphasizing individual awareness and existence.

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    Experimental Existential Psychology

    The study of human responses to mortality reminders.

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    Yalom’s Four Major Concepts

    Ideas addressing impermanence, purpose, choice, and autonomy.

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    Awareness of Mortality

    Recognizing one's own death and its implications on life.

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    Purpose and Meaning

    Understanding the significance of life experiences and reasoning behind them.

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    Intrinsic Strengths

    Natural abilities or talents that come easily to a person.

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    Value Addition

    The ability to contribute meaningfully in various life contexts.

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    Measuring Life Alignment

    Assessing how your actions reflect your core values and beliefs.

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    Study Notes

    Existential Psychology

    • Emphasizes individual realization of being alive and the results of this awareness of one's life.
    • Each person must define themselves and their place in the world.
    • Experimental existential psychology studies human reaction to reminders of death and mortality.

    Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs

    • Self-actualization: Achieving one's full potential, including creative activities.
    • Esteem needs: Prestige and feeling of accomplishment.
    • Belongingness and love needs: Intimate relationships, friends.
    • Safety needs: Security, safety.
    • Physiological needs: Food, water, warmth, rest.

    Yalom's Four Major Concepts for Existential Psychology

    • Dealing with awareness of impermanence, change, and death.
    • Finding purpose and meaning in life.
    • Making choices and taking responsibility for them.
    • Contending with autonomy and aloneness.

    Yalom: Change, Impermanence, and Awareness of Death

    • Awareness of mortality is crucial for finding meaning and purpose in life.
    • Change is linked to mental and physical health problems.

    Yalom: Purpose and Meaning

    • Defined as a sense of what is and why it should be so.
    • Related to well-being.
    • People with purpose tend to be more connected to the community and helpful.

    How Does Your Life Align With...

    • What makes you come alive (your passions).
    • Your innate strengths (things you do well).
    • Where you add the greatest value.
    • What problems are you equipped to solve.
    • How you will measure your life (based on your core values).

    Humans are Meaning-Making by Nature

    • Humans are neurologically wired for thinking and social interaction.
    • 32% of the brain is devoted to thinking, and 23% to social interaction.

    Happiness vs. Meaning

    • Happiness: Present-focused, response to need fulfillment, self-focused.
    • Meaning: Integration of past, present, and future, not related to need fulfillment, other-focused.

    Having a Sense of Purpose in Life

    • Related to life satisfaction.
    • Associated with lower death rates.
    • Encourages prosocial behavior.
    • Linked to staying in college.

    Existential Hardiness

    • Ability to face change and difficulty while thriving.
    • Kobasa (1979): Committed, challenged, in control.
    • Maddi (2002): Added social support and physical exercise.

    Effects of Religion and Spirituality on Health

    • Intrinsic orientation: Searches for personal meaning.
    • Extrinsic orientation: Searches for social aspect.
    • Positive effects: Physical health, coping, overall well-being, happiness.
    • Religion and spirituality are distinct concepts; one is institutional, while the other is more personal.

    Yalom: Autonomy, Choice, and Free Will

    • Self-determination theory: Engaging in activities the individual chooses leads to greater enjoyment and persistence.
    • Positive outcomes associated with autonomy and making choices are linked to energizing feelings.
    • Internal locus of control: Personal control over actions and outcomes.
    • External locus of control: Giving up personal responsibility. Associated with depression and learned helplessness.

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    Related Documents

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    Description

    Explore the intricate concepts of existential psychology, including the significance of self-actualization and the hierarchy of needs proposed by Maslow. This quiz delves into Yalom's major themes on mortality, meaning, and personal choice, providing insight into how these ideas shape our understanding of existence. Challenge your knowledge on how these psychological theories tackle the essence of being human.

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