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Questions and Answers
What is the primary function of a Marshalling Yard in a railway system?
What is the primary function of a Marshalling Yard in a railway system?
Why are Marshalling Yards described as 'necessary evils'?
Why are Marshalling Yards described as 'necessary evils'?
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a Marshalling Yard?
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a Marshalling Yard?
What can lead to congestion in a Marshalling Yard?
What can lead to congestion in a Marshalling Yard?
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How does the functioning of a Marshalling Yard impact the railway system?
How does the functioning of a Marshalling Yard impact the railway system?
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What distinguishes a Terminal Yard from a Marshalling Yard?
What distinguishes a Terminal Yard from a Marshalling Yard?
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Which statement best describes the operational role of Marshalling Yards?
Which statement best describes the operational role of Marshalling Yards?
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Marshalling Yards are vital for which of the following reasons?
Marshalling Yards are vital for which of the following reasons?
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Which time is excluded when calculating shunting engine hours?
Which time is excluded when calculating shunting engine hours?
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How should the allocation of shunting engine hours to goods and coaching stock be determined?
How should the allocation of shunting engine hours to goods and coaching stock be determined?
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When should the percentage allocation of shunting engine hours be rechecked?
When should the percentage allocation of shunting engine hours be rechecked?
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What should be done with the time spent on repairs of a shunting engine in the Yard?
What should be done with the time spent on repairs of a shunting engine in the Yard?
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What is the basis for reckoning shunting engine hours?
What is the basis for reckoning shunting engine hours?
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What is the primary function of retarders in a hump yard?
What is the primary function of retarders in a hump yard?
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Which type of siding is designated for brake vans of terminating trains?
Which type of siding is designated for brake vans of terminating trains?
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What type of wagons cannot be humped and require special stock siding?
What type of wagons cannot be humped and require special stock siding?
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What is the purpose of skids in yards without mechanical retarders?
What is the purpose of skids in yards without mechanical retarders?
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Which factor does NOT influence the speed of humped wagons rolling down?
Which factor does NOT influence the speed of humped wagons rolling down?
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What is typically done with sick wagons in a sorting yard?
What is typically done with sick wagons in a sorting yard?
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In a large yard, what is the significance of ample stabling accommodation?
In a large yard, what is the significance of ample stabling accommodation?
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What are the possible types of operation for retarders mentioned?
What are the possible types of operation for retarders mentioned?
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What may skids do after a wagon comes to a stop?
What may skids do after a wagon comes to a stop?
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Which of the following is not a type of point typically found in a hump yard?
Which of the following is not a type of point typically found in a hump yard?
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What is the primary role of an Assistant Yard Master/Shunting Master?
What is the primary role of an Assistant Yard Master/Shunting Master?
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What is one of the main duties assigned to the Pointsmen?
What is one of the main duties assigned to the Pointsmen?
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In situations where the shunting work is not heavy, who takes charge?
In situations where the shunting work is not heavy, who takes charge?
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What function does the Trains Clerk perform in the Trains Branch?
What function does the Trains Clerk perform in the Trains Branch?
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What aspect is NOT typically covered in the Yard Working Instructions?
What aspect is NOT typically covered in the Yard Working Instructions?
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Who holds overall responsibility for efficient working in the Trains Branch?
Who holds overall responsibility for efficient working in the Trains Branch?
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How many Pointsmen are generally assigned to each shunting engine?
How many Pointsmen are generally assigned to each shunting engine?
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What should the Yard Working Instructions provide in addition to the general working procedures?
What should the Yard Working Instructions provide in addition to the general working procedures?
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What is the function of a Shunting Jamadar in the organization?
What is the function of a Shunting Jamadar in the organization?
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What record is maintained by TNCs during shift duties?
What record is maintained by TNCs during shift duties?
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What does item 3.01 refer to?
What does item 3.01 refer to?
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In the context of item 5, which of the following is a factor in calculating the number of wagons dealt with per shunting engine hour?
In the context of item 5, which of the following is a factor in calculating the number of wagons dealt with per shunting engine hour?
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Which item provides information on the total number of trains dispatched?
Which item provides information on the total number of trains dispatched?
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What does item 3.03 measure?
What does item 3.03 measure?
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In item 5.1, which of the following does NOT contribute to the overall number of pilots working in the station?
In item 5.1, which of the following does NOT contribute to the overall number of pilots working in the station?
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Which part of the data is concerned with the average performance of by passing trains?
Which part of the data is concerned with the average performance of by passing trains?
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Which item directly indicates the shunting hours for regular shunting engines employed in the Marshalling Yard?
Which item directly indicates the shunting hours for regular shunting engines employed in the Marshalling Yard?
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Which metric would you examine to find out the contribution of by passing trains in terms of wagons?
Which metric would you examine to find out the contribution of by passing trains in terms of wagons?
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What is the purpose of item 5.5?
What is the purpose of item 5.5?
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Which of the following represents a calculated sum of by passing and terminating trains?
Which of the following represents a calculated sum of by passing and terminating trains?
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What is one of the main objectives of modern Marshalling Yards?
What is one of the main objectives of modern Marshalling Yards?
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What is a primary benefit of eliminating yard accidents in Marshalling Yards?
What is a primary benefit of eliminating yard accidents in Marshalling Yards?
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Which aspect differentiates a Hump Yard from a Flat Yard?
Which aspect differentiates a Hump Yard from a Flat Yard?
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What element is primarily optimized in terms of productivity within Marshalling Yards?
What element is primarily optimized in terms of productivity within Marshalling Yards?
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Which factor contributes negatively to the efficiency of Flat Yards?
Which factor contributes negatively to the efficiency of Flat Yards?
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What is one disadvantage of Transit Yards mentioned in the content?
What is one disadvantage of Transit Yards mentioned in the content?
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What is the primary factor affecting the efficiency of Yard working?
What is the primary factor affecting the efficiency of Yard working?
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Which of the following is a key consideration in the operational efficiency of Marshalling Yards?
Which of the following is a key consideration in the operational efficiency of Marshalling Yards?
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Which aspect of Yard management is crucial for minimizing delays during operations?
Which aspect of Yard management is crucial for minimizing delays during operations?
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What is a significant safety measure emphasized for Marshalling Yards?
What is a significant safety measure emphasized for Marshalling Yards?
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How should sick wagons be managed to ensure effective Yard operations?
How should sick wagons be managed to ensure effective Yard operations?
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Which factor is a common cause of trouble in the functioning of the Yard?
Which factor is a common cause of trouble in the functioning of the Yard?
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What is one recommended practice for handling emptied stock in the Yard?
What is one recommended practice for handling emptied stock in the Yard?
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What is the purpose of the Engine Run Round Line in a Marshalling Yard?
What is the purpose of the Engine Run Round Line in a Marshalling Yard?
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Which line is specifically designed to avoid an engine going over the hump?
Which line is specifically designed to avoid an engine going over the hump?
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What distinguishes King Points from Queen Points in a sorting yard?
What distinguishes King Points from Queen Points in a sorting yard?
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What telecommunications feature is essential for fast communication with supervisory staff in a Marshalling Yard?
What telecommunications feature is essential for fast communication with supervisory staff in a Marshalling Yard?
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Which of the following is a primary purpose of loudspeakers in a Marshalling Yard?
Which of the following is a primary purpose of loudspeakers in a Marshalling Yard?
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What function do Transfer Lines serve in a Marshalling Yard?
What function do Transfer Lines serve in a Marshalling Yard?
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In a dual yard system, how are the responsibilities structured?
In a dual yard system, how are the responsibilities structured?
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Which type of point serves to divert the rolling wagons into different grids of the sorting yard?
Which type of point serves to divert the rolling wagons into different grids of the sorting yard?
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What characterizes a Shunting Neck in a Marshalling Yard?
What characterizes a Shunting Neck in a Marshalling Yard?
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What is the benefit of using walkie-talkies in a Marshalling Yard?
What is the benefit of using walkie-talkies in a Marshalling Yard?
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What is the role of Paging and talk-back sets in a Marshalling Yard?
What is the role of Paging and talk-back sets in a Marshalling Yard?
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What role do Engine Escape Lines play in a Marshalling Yard?
What role do Engine Escape Lines play in a Marshalling Yard?
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What is the specific function of Gathering Lines in a Yard?
What is the specific function of Gathering Lines in a Yard?
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Who primarily oversees operations in larger Marshalling Yards?
Who primarily oversees operations in larger Marshalling Yards?
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Which staff member is ultimately responsible for the overall functioning of a Marshalling Yard?
Which staff member is ultimately responsible for the overall functioning of a Marshalling Yard?
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What is the primary purpose of a Departure Yard?
What is the primary purpose of a Departure Yard?
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What is a common issue faced by hump yards related to the descent of humped wagons?
What is a common issue faced by hump yards related to the descent of humped wagons?
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What is a critical need for effective communication in vast areas of a Marshalling Yard?
What is a critical need for effective communication in vast areas of a Marshalling Yard?
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Which line in a Marshalling Yard is used to separate sorted wagons according to multiple criteria?
Which line in a Marshalling Yard is used to separate sorted wagons according to multiple criteria?
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What determines the speed of humped wagons as they roll down a hump?
What determines the speed of humped wagons as they roll down a hump?
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What condition necessitates having multiple Yard Masters in a Marshalling Yard?
What condition necessitates having multiple Yard Masters in a Marshalling Yard?
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Which area in the Marshalling Yard benefits directly from the use of loudspeakers?
Which area in the Marshalling Yard benefits directly from the use of loudspeakers?
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In yards lacking mechanized retarders, what method is typically used to control humped wagon speed?
In yards lacking mechanized retarders, what method is typically used to control humped wagon speed?
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What special consideration is required for certain types of wagons in a special stock siding?
What special consideration is required for certain types of wagons in a special stock siding?
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What is the main purpose of installing retarders in a hump yard?
What is the main purpose of installing retarders in a hump yard?
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Which of the following best describes the condition of sick lines in a yard?
Which of the following best describes the condition of sick lines in a yard?
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Why is it important for a large yard to have ample stabling accommodation?
Why is it important for a large yard to have ample stabling accommodation?
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What function do skids serve in yards without mechanical retarders?
What function do skids serve in yards without mechanical retarders?
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Which aspect is critical when managing the time spent on sick wagons?
Which aspect is critical when managing the time spent on sick wagons?
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Study Notes
Marshalling Yards and Freight Terminals
- A Marshalling yard is a railway facility used for receiving, sorting, and distributing wagons (freight cars) to their destinations. It is an essential element of the railway system, enabling the efficient movement of goods.
- Although yards are considered indirect productivity, they are a vital operational necessity.
- A congested yard can significantly impact its capacity and the overall efficiency of the railway system.
Classification of Yards
- Terminal Yards are located adjacent to terminal goods sheds where wagons undergo significant loading/unloading activities. They are also used for terminating goods trains.
- Marshalling Yards are nominated based on the type of work and wagons they handle.
Hump Yards
- Hump yards are designed to use gravity for efficient wagon sorting.
- The wagons are pushed up a hump and then allowed to roll down onto different tracks, sorted by destination.
- Retarders are mechanical devices used to control the speed of the wagons as they roll down the hump, preventing damage to other wagons.
- Skids are placed on sorting lines to control speed when mechanical retarders aren't available.
Other Facilities in Marshalling Yards
- Brake Van Siding: Detached brake vans are stored here for later use on other trains.
- Special Stock Siding: Specialized stock, like cattle wagons or wagons carrying explosives, which cannot be handled on the hump are located here.
- Stabling Lines: Empty wagons or trains are stored here for future use. The size of the stabling lines should accommodate fluctuations in wagon traffic.
- Sick Lines: Wagons needing repairs are placed here for evaluation and potential immediate repair.
Staff and Responsibilities
- Yard Master: Oversees the overall operation of the yard.
- Assistant/Shunting Master: Assists the Yard Master, manages the shunting engines.
- Shunting Jamadar: Assists in handling shunting work, may be in charge for yards with less frequent shunting.
- Pointsmen: Operates points switches, uncouples wagons, brakes wagons, and relays signals.
- Train Clerks (TNCs): Responsible for yard statistics, maintaining wagon exchange registers, and tracking wagon detention.
Working Instructions
- Yard Working Instructions are necessary for the efficient and safe operation of the yard.
- Instructions should cover all aspects of yard operations, including reception and dispatch of trains, staff responsibilities, and statistics tracking.
Transit Yards
- Transit Yards are used to receive and despatch trains without any shunting.
- Crew changes, engine maintenance, and wagon inspections occur in Transit Yards.
- Transit Yards have become less popular over the last 50 years as modern freight terminals have evolved.
Marshalling Yard Objectives
-
Quick Transit:
- Trains are accepted without delays at adjacent stations.
- Wagon detention in the Yard is minimized.
- Wagons are efficiently placed and removed from the Yard.
- Wagons are assembled for their final destinations.
- Wagons are marshaled according to operational efficiency.
- Outgoing trains depart on time.
-
Economy:
- Maximize resource productivity.
- Minimize detention of trains, engines, crews, and staff.
- Optimize train loads.
- Optimize shunting engine utilization.
-
Safety:
- Minimize damage to wagons and goods during shunting.
- Ensure safe marshalling and wagon examinations.
- Eliminate Yard accidents.
Kinds of Yards
-
Flat Yards:
- Located on flat land.
- Use engines to shunt wagons by pushing and pulling.
- Economical in space, but slow and wasteful of shunting engine time.
-
Hump Yards:
- Constructed with gradients between reception lines, sorting lines, and grids.
- Utilize an artificial "hump" for efficient shunting.
-
Marshalling Lines:
- Wagons are sorted by commodity, type, order, direction, and destination.
- Wagons are reformed into trains according to specific transportation needs.
-
Departure Yard:
- Used to hold loaded trains ready for departure.
- Large Marshalling Yards have dedicated Departure Yards for different directions.
-
Shunting Neck:
- A line leading to sorting lines, allowing for shunting away from running lines.
-
Gathering Lines:
- Lines with turnouts to other lines for efficient wagon routing.
-
Transfer Lines:
- Used to move wagons between Up and Down Yards.
-
Bypass or Avoiding Lines:
- A line that avoids the hump.
- Used for vehicles unable to traverse the hump.
-
Engine Run Round Line:
- Used for engine movements to and from the Yard or loco shed.
-
Engine Escape Line:
- Allows engine movements to and from the loco shed without interfering with Yard operations.
-
King Points:
- The first set of points a wagon encounters after passing over the hump.
- Divide the sorting Yard into two sections.
-
Queen Points:
- The second set of points a wagon encounters.
- Further divide the sorting Yard into four sections.
-
Jack Points:
- The third set of points a wagon encounters.
- Divert rolling wagons to different grids within the sorting Yard.
-
Retarders:
- Rail brakes used to control the speed of humped wagons.
- Prevent damage from collisions during shunting.
- Can be automatic or manually operated.
-
Skids:
- Used in Yards without mechanical retarders.
- Placed on sorting lines to control the speed of humped wagons.
-
Brake Van Siding:
- Used for detaching brakevans from terminating trains for subsequent attachment to originating trains.
-
Special Stock Siding:
- Designated for special stock types, such as cattle wagons or those carrying explosives.
-
Stabling Lines:
- Used for storing special trains or large accumulations of stock.
-
Sick Lines:
- Used for sorting out and repairing damaged wagons.
Telecom Equipment of Marshalling Yards
-
Telecommunication Arrangement:
- Extensive telecom network using an electronic exchange and intercoms.
- Essential for fast communication between different parts of the Yard.
-
Paging and Talk-Back Arrangement:
- Used to issue orders and instructions to staff from a central point.
-
Loudspeakers:
- Used to broadcast announcements and instructions to staff in specific areas.
-
Walkie-Talkies:
- Used to improve communication efficiency within the Yard.
Yard Organisation
-
Chief Yard Master:
- Responsible for overall Yard operations.
-
Yard Masters:
- Responsible for operational work in each shift.
- May be dedicated to specific parts of the Yard.
-
Field Staff:
- Includes Yard Masters, Assistant Yard Masters, and other staff.
-
Coordination:
- Effective operation requires coordination between control, loco shed staff, and carriage and wagon staff.
-
Planning:
- Yard staff must plan work in advance, collaborating with control and adjacent Yards.
-
Team Spirit:
- Effective Yard operation requires cooperation between all staff.
-
Empty Stock:
- Empty wagons should be sorted in groups and kept in designated lines.
- Special stock should be kept separately from general wagons.
-
Sick Wagons:
- Sick wagons should be collected and placed in designated lines.
- Repairs should be done in the Yard whenever possible.
-
Wagons for Adjustment or Transhipment:
- These wagons should be placed in designated lines and attended to promptly.
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Description
This quiz explores the functionality and classification of marshalling yards and freight terminals within the railway system. Understand various types of yards, including terminal and hump yards, and their significance in the effective movement of goods. Test your knowledge on the impact of yard congestion and operational necessities.
