Marketing Concepts Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary goal of relationship marketing?

  • To increase the volume of sales quickly
  • To build long-lasting connections between brands and customers (correct)
  • To standardize products to appeal to a wider audience
  • To directly compete with other brands in the market
  • Which type of attachment involves a product serving as a link with a past self?

  • Emotional attachment
  • Nostalgic attachment (correct)
  • Functional attachment
  • Self-concept attachment
  • What does database marketing primarily focus on?

  • Tracking individual consumers’ buying habits and personalizing offerings (correct)
  • Promoting brand awareness through general advertisements
  • Developing new products based on industry trends
  • Broad marketing campaigns targeting mass audiences
  • Which of the following best describes Web 2.0?

    <p>An evolution of the internet into a social and interactive medium (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the Internet of Things (IoT) refer to?

    <p>A network of interconnected devices that communicate with each other (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main role of a cybermediary?

    <p>To filter and organize online market information (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes intelligent agents?

    <p>Software that learns from past user behavior (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which SEO strategy involves maximizing content visibility in search results?

    <p>Designing website content strategically (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which categorization level is characterized by a more abstract grouping?

    <p>Superordinate category (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary benefit of the long tail strategy for companies?

    <p>Selling limited quantities of niche items (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is typically considered a subordinate category?

    <p>Brands of soft drinks (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is product categorization strategically important for marketers?

    <p>It supports product positioning within a given category (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term refers to a product that has characteristics from two distinct domains?

    <p>Hybrid products (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a method to increase message involvement in advertising?

    <p>Include celebrity endorsers (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Situational involvement can be enhanced by which of the following techniques?

    <p>Personalization of messages (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which kind of media is considered low-involvement?

    <p>Television (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one way to encourage consumers to engage with a product mentally?

    <p>Encourage viewers to imagine using the product (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which technology can enhance situational involvement by making shopping more adventurous?

    <p>Virtual reality (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the Elaboration Likelihood Model, what path to persuasion is taken by consumers who are highly motivated?

    <p>Central route (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an effect of high involvement on consumer behavior?

    <p>Increased motivation to process information (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a suggested method to increase message involvement?

    <p>Use simplified visuals (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does marketing influence our preferences in popular culture?

    <p>It often goes unnoticed while significantly affecting consumer choices. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does role theory suggest about consumer behavior?

    <p>Consumer choices vary depending on the roles they assume. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do brand images play a significant role in consumer choice?

    <p>Consumers often purchase brands for their deeper meanings rather than just their functionality. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What separates a 'need' from a 'want' in consumer behavior?

    <p>Wants are also influenced by personal and cultural factors. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do brand choices help individuals define their place in society?

    <p>Consumers' brand preferences help form bonds with others who share similar tastes. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of how marketers can provide 'props' for consumers?

    <p>Adjusting marketing strategies to fit cultural trends. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what way does buying a product often communicate more than just acquiring a physical item?

    <p>Buying often reflects the individual’s aspirations and lifestyle choices. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes how consumers evaluate products based on their roles?

    <p>Evaluation criteria can change depending on the social context. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is meant by the term 'consideration set' in consumer behavior?

    <p>Products that consumers seriously consider for purchase (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the evoked set influence brand positioning?

    <p>It allows consumers to recollect brands when making decisions (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is 'feature creep' in the context of product choice?

    <p>The addition of unnecessary features that complicate a product (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What typically happens during the post-purchase evaluation stage?

    <p>Consumers assess whether the product meets their expectations (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What process involves perceiving parts to create a whole in Gestalt psychology?

    <p>Bottom-up processing (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is cognitive dissonance in consumer behavior?

    <p>The discomfort from choosing between products with both good and bad qualities (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which Gestalt principle describes the tendency to perceive an incomplete picture as complete?

    <p>Closure principle (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is social scoring in the context of post-purchase behavior?

    <p>The rating system used by customers to evaluate brands (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In terms of perception, what does a 'perceptual set' refer to?

    <p>A predetermined way of interpreting sensory information (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do products in an evoked set typically relate to each other?

    <p>They are grouped based on consumer's prior knowledge (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What implications does the grouping of products have on consumer choices?

    <p>It determines the competitors that brands face and choice criteria (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which principle suggests that we tend to group together objects that share physical characteristics?

    <p>Similarity principle (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the figure-ground principle illustrate in visual perception?

    <p>One part of a stimulus stands out while others recede into the background (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of perceptual constancy?

    <p>Recognizing a friend's face in varying light contexts (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What might cause an anomaly in perception according to Gestalt principles?

    <p>A familiar object placed far from others (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which principle indicates that objects close together are often perceived as a group?

    <p>Proximity principle (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flashcards

    Psychographics

    The psychological and lifestyle characteristics of a consumer, such as their values, beliefs, interests, and personality.

    Relationship Marketing

    Building strong, long-lasting relationships between brands and customers.

    Database Marketing

    Using past purchase information to personalize products and marketing messages for individual customers.

    Web 2.0

    The evolution of the internet from a one-way broadcast to a social and interactive platform.

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    Internet of Things (IoT)

    The growing network of interconnected devices embedded in everyday objects that communicate with each other.

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    Consideration Set

    The group of products that a consumer seriously considers buying, a subset of the evoked set.

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    Similar Features in Consideration Set

    Products in a consideration set share similar features. This helps consumers apply existing knowledge to new products.

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    Evoked Set

    The set of brands a consumer is aware of and might consider buying, built from past experiences and information.

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    Cognitive Dissonance

    The feeling of unease when a consumer must choose between two products, both with good and bad points. It occurs when a consumer feels they lost out on some of the benefits of the unchosen option.

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    Feature Creep

    Products with more features can become overwhelming and difficult to use.

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    Postpurchase Evaluation

    The process of evaluating a product or service after purchase to see if it meets, exceeds, or falls short of expectations.

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    Social Scoring

    The practice of customers and service providers rating each other's performance, creating a feedback loop.

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    What is popular culture?

    Popular culture refers to the trends, entertainment, and forms of expression that dominate a mass audience. It includes music, movies, sports, books, celebrities, and other forms of entertainment.

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    How does marketing influence popular culture?

    Marketers can heavily influence our preferences through pop culture. They use it to create trends and desires, shaping how we perceive products and even our social views.

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    What is role theory in consumer behavior?

    Role theory suggests that our consumer choices are influenced by the roles we play in life. We adapt our purchases based on situations and how we want to be perceived in those roles.

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    What is a brand image?

    Brands carefully create an image or personality for themselves to appeal to consumers. This 'brand image' goes beyond the product's function, appealing to our desires and aspirations.

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    Why do we buy products beyond their function?

    Consumers often buy products not for their practical use but for the meaning they represent. Brand images help us express our values and connect with others who share similar preferences.

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    What's the difference between a need and a want?

    A need is something essential for survival or achieving a goal, while a want is a specific desire shaped by personal and cultural factors.

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    How do brand images influence social connections?

    Brand images help us form connections with others who share our preferences, defining our place in society. These connections can be based on fashion choices, music tastes, or even the beverages we prefer.

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    How can marketers use consumer motivations?

    By understanding the roles we play and the meanings we attach to products, marketers can tailor their strategies to appeal to specific consumer groups and their desires.

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    What is consumer involvement?

    Involvement refers to the level of engagement a consumer has with a product or service, and it influences how they process marketing messages.

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    What is situational involvement?

    This kind of involvement is based on the context of where the consumer is interacting with a product or service, like a store or website.

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    How can marketers increase situational involvement?

    Personalized messages, using technology to create immersive experiences, and offering subscription boxes are strategies to increase situational involvement.

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    What is the central route to persuasion?

    This route involves deep processing of information, using arguments and evidence to form opinions.

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    How to increase message involvement?

    Novel stimuli, prominent stimuli, celebrity endorsements, value-added features, new media platforms, and encouraging product visualization are ways to increase involvement.

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    How does involvement affect message processing?

    When consumers are highly involved, they process information through the central route, carefully considering arguments and evidence.

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    What is the Elaboration Likelihood Model?

    The Elaboration Likelihood Model explains that persuasion can happen through the central route (deep thinking) or the peripheral route (superficial processing).

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    What is the peripheral route to persuasion?

    This route relies on superficial cues like celebrity endorsements or attractive visuals, without deep consideration of arguments.

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    What is a cybermediary?

    A website or app that helps customers find and evaluate products more efficiently by filtering and organizing online market information.

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    What are intelligent agents?

    Sophisticated software programs that learn from past user behavior to recommend new purchases. They use collaborative filtering technologies to understand your preferences and suggest products you might like based on similar users' tastes.

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    What is search engine optimization (SEO)?

    The procedures companies use to design their website and content to increase their chances of appearing in search engine results when people search for relevant keywords.

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    What is the long tail concept?

    The strategy of making money from selling small quantities of many different items that only a few people want. It's about finding profits in less popular but niche products.

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    What is a knowledge structure?

    The set of beliefs and how we organize them in our minds. It influences how we evaluate information about products.

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    How does knowledge structure affect product evaluation?

    When consumers evaluate a product, they don't do it in isolation. They compare it to other products they know, and the category it belongs to impacts how they judge it.

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    What is a superordinate category?

    The most general level of categorization. It's a broad category that includes many different types of things. For example, dessert is a superordinate category.

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    What is positioning strategy?

    A marketer's attempt to convince consumers that their product should be considered within a specific category. For example, a marketer might try to position a new beverage as a healthy drink instead of a sugary soda.

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    Interpretation

    The process of assigning meaning to sensory stimuli that have caught our attention. It involves organizing incoming information into meaningful units, determining relevance, and interpreting stimuli based on existing knowledge and cultural influences.

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    Gestalt Psychology

    A school of thought that emphasizes the idea that we understand meaning from the whole picture, rather than individual parts. It suggests that our perception is influenced by the relationships between elements, leading us to recognize patterns and simplify complex images.

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    Bottom-Up Processing

    A process where perception starts with details and builds up to a whole. It focuses on the bottom-up processing of individual features to form a complete understanding.

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    Top-Down Processing

    A process where perception starts with expectations and uses them to interpret details. Our prior knowledge and beliefs about the whole guide how we understand individual parts.

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    Perceptual Hypotheses

    Educated guesses we make while interpreting sensory information. They are based on our prior experiences and expectations, shaping how we perceive the world around us.

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    Perceptual Set

    A predisposition to perceive things in a certain way. It is influenced by our expectations and prior experiences, causing us to see what we expect to see.

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    Perceptual Constancy

    Our ability to perceive stimuli consistently, even when conditions change. We tend to see objects as the same size, shape, and color, regardless of variations in lighting, distance, or orientation.

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    Closure Principle

    A principle suggesting that we tend to fill in missing information to perceive a complete picture, relying on our prior experiences and expectations to complete the gaps.

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    Study Notes

    Consumer Behavior & Marketing Action

    • This is a study of how consumers select, purchase, use, or dispose of products, services, ideas, or experiences to satisfy needs and desires.
    • The modern view encompasses the entire consumption process before, during, and after a purchase.

    Stages of Consumption

    • Prepurchase Issues: How consumers decide they need a product and their information-seeking behaviors. For marketers, this stage involves understanding how consumer attitudes are formed and changed, and the cues used to evaluate product superiority.
    • Purchase Issues: The experience of acquiring the product. How situational factors like time pressure or store displays affect the purchase decision. Important to marketers is understanding how these factors influence purchase decisions.
    • Postpurchase Issues: How consumers dispose of a product and whether they're satisfied with the purchase, and if they will repurchase. Marketers want to determine how satisfied the consumer is and whether they'll tell others about their experience.

    Consumer Behavior as a Marketing Strategy

    • Marketers satisfy consumer needs to the best of their ability, understanding the consumer's diverse preferences.
    • Market segmentation involves targeting specific groups of consumers with tailored products and messages to cater to their needs.

    Segmentation Criteria

    • Product Usage: The 80/20 rule highlights that 20% of users often account for 80% of sales.
    • Demographics: This refers to measurable characteristics like age, gender, marital status, and income.
    • Psychographics: This considers psychological and lifestyle traits.

    Relationship Marketing

    • Building long-term relationships with consumers involves regular interactions and nurturing customer loyalty.
    • Elements of self-concept, nostalgic attachment, and strong emotional connections are crucial.

    Database Marketing

    • Studying and analyzing consumer buying habits to tailor messages and products to their individual needs.
    • Data mining of huge datasets enables personalized marketing.

    Web 2.0 and the Internet of Things (IoT)

    • The rebirth of the internet has created opportunities for social interaction, user-generated content, and communication through the connected network of devices.

    Marketing's Impact on Consumer Choice

    • Popular culture significantly influences consumer preferences and perceptions of the world.
    • Role theory emphasizes the roles consumers play in influencing their consumption habits.
    • Motivations to consume center around both functional and emotional needs. Consumers often buy a product/service not only for its 'what', but also for its 'impact' or 'meaning'.

    Further Consumer Decision Stages

    • Problem Recognition: Shifting from a current state to a desired one. Needs and opportunities for improvement can be the drivers of this shift.
    • Information Search: The process of collecting information to make a purchase decision. Includes internal and external searches, as well as ‘accidental’ versus ‘deliberate’ exploration of options.
    • Evaluation of Alternatives: Product categorization, criteria development, and using choice rules to make a selection.
    • Product Choice/Purchase Decision: Feature creep in products and their associated complexity when choosing.
    • Postpurchase Evaluation: Measuring satisfaction by comparing expectations to performance outcomes.

    Consumer Behavior Research

    • Various fields contribute to the study of consumer behavior, including experimental psychology, microeconomics, social psychology, and cultural anthropology.

    Consumer Decisions

    • Types of decisions that consumers make (habitual, limited, and extended). How these differing types of decisions vary (time, effort, risk), influence factors.
    • Marketing implications and what marketers need to consider regarding each type of decision.

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    Description

    Test your knowledge on various marketing concepts, including relationship marketing, database marketing, and the Internet of Things. This quiz covers key strategies and terminologies essential for modern marketers. Challenge yourself to see how well you understand these crucial marketing principles.

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