Marketing Chapter 7: Personality & Values
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Questions and Answers

What model do marketers use to guide consumers through awareness, interest, desire, and action?

  • SWOT analysis
  • AIDA model (correct)
  • Consumer Behavior Theory
  • 4 P's of marketing

Tech lovers prefer organic products over the newest gadgets.

False (B)

What is the significance of managing social media for brands?

To maintain a positive brand reputation and boost consumer loyalty.

Brand personality assigns _____ traits to help consumers connect with a brand.

<p>human</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following consumer segments with their typical purchasing behavior:

<p>Health-conscious consumers = Prefer organic products Fashion-conscious consumers = Follow current trends Tech enthusiasts = Buy the newest gadgets Eco-friendly consumers = Choose sustainable products</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which personality trait is likely to prefer familiar brands?

<p>Conservatives (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

People who seek security are often open to trying new brands.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does psychographic segmentation focus on?

<p>Psychological traits like personality.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Consumers often have stronger connections to brands that mirror their _____ and values.

<p>personality</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following consumer behavior types with their characteristics:

<p>Innovators = Enjoy trying new products Conservatives = Prefer familiar choices Impulsive Buyers = Buy without thinking Rational Decision-Makers = Plan and think carefully before buying</p> Signup and view all the answers

What kind of consumer is more likely to engage with marketing messages that resonate with their personality?

<p>Personalized Consumers (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Extroverts typically prefer private interactions on social media.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are core values?

<p>Fundamental beliefs that define a culture.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of an aspirational reference group?

<p>Celebrities you admire (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Conformity involves adjusting one’s beliefs or behaviors to stand out in a group.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of individualism in cultural dimensions?

<p>Self and immediate family</p> Signup and view all the answers

Items with religious or spiritual significance are referred to as ______.

<p>sacred</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following cultural dimensions with their descriptions:

<p>Individualism = Focus on self and immediate family Collectivism = Focus on group goals and harmony Power Distance = Acceptance of unequal power distribution Long-Term Orientation = Focus on future goals</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is 'Word of Mouth' (WOM) primarily concerned with?

<p>Sharing opinions and experiences (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Contamination refers to items gaining sacredness due to their significance.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What term is used for groups within a larger culture that have their own distinct beliefs and practices?

<p>subculture</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary benefit of e-commerce?

<p>Shopping available 24/7 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Exploration refers to sticking with familiar things.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What term describes the practice of renting instead of owning, often exemplified by services like Uber?

<p>Sharing Economy</p> Signup and view all the answers

The ______ power derives from a person's recognized authority.

<p>Legitimate</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following types of social power with their descriptions:

<p>Referent Power = Power from admiration Information Power = Power from having information Expert Power = Power from knowledge Reward Power = Power from giving rewards</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a strategy to mitigate the effects of hyper-choice?

<p>Customization of products (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Having too many choices can lead to cognitive overload.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Name one limitation of e-commerce.

<p>Security concerns</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best defines a convention?

<p>Widely accepted practices or customs in a society (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Crescive norms develop rapidly and are always explicitly stated.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the four functions of attitudes?

<p>Utilitarian, Value-Expressive, Ego-Defensive, Knowledge</p> Signup and view all the answers

The process of changing attitudes using reasoning is known as __________.

<p>Persuasive Communication</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following components of the ABC Model of Attitude with their definitions:

<p>Affect = How you feel about something Behavior = What you plan to do regarding that thing Cognition = What you believe about that thing</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which stage of the Hierarchy of Effects involves actually buying a product?

<p>Action (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Cognitive dissonance refers to the comfort felt when beliefs and behaviors align.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'normative influence' refer to in the context of decision-making?

<p>Acting based on what we believe others expect from us</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the theory suggesting that people determine their attitudes by observing their behavior?

<p>Self-Perception Theory (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following represents an example of a crescive norm?

<p>A widely accepted fashion trend (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Brand loyalty is primarily influenced by emotional attachment.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Cognitive overload can enhance decision-making efficiency.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the process of adapting to the values of another culture called?

<p>Acculturation</p> Signup and view all the answers

The _____ function of attitudes is related to pleasure and pain.

<p>utilitarian</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following concepts to their definitions:

<p>Cognitive Dissonance = Feeling of uncertainty post-purchase Self-Perception Theory = Attitudes shaped by behavior observation Hierarchy of Effects Model = Steps from awareness to purchase Acculturation = Adapting to different cultural values</p> Signup and view all the answers

Impulse buying is always a negative behavior.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Hyper-choice

Having too many choices can make it difficult to decide, leading to confusion and bad decisions.

Decision-Making Heuristics

Simple strategies used to make decisions easier, often based on familiarity or convenience.

E-commerce

Buying and selling goods and services online.

Reference Groups

Groups that influence our beliefs and behaviours.

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Referent Power

Power derived from admiration or respect for someone.

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Brand Communities

Groups of consumers who share a passion for a specific brand.

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Sharing Economy

Sharing or renting resources instead of owning them.

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Trust and Reputation Systems

Systems that build trust through reviews and ratings.

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Convention

Widely accepted practices or customs in a society.

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Crescive Norm

Social norms that develop gradually over time through interactions.

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Attitude

A long-lasting opinion about people, objects, or issues.

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Attitude Object

The thing that we have an attitude toward, like a product or idea.

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Affect (ABC Model)

How you feel about something.

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Cognition (ABC Model)

What you believe about something.

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Behavior (ABC Model)

What you plan to do regarding that thing.

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Cognitive Dissonance

The discomfort felt when things don't match up or are inconsistent.

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Aspirational Reference Groups

Groups you admire but don't belong to, like celebrities.

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Conformity

Adjusting your beliefs or behaviors to fit in with a group.

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Opinion Leader

Influencers who shape consumer choices through their expertise.

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Culture

Shared beliefs, customs, and behaviors of a group.

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Individualism

Focus on self and immediate family.

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Collectivism

Focus on group goals and harmony.

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Subculture

Smaller groups within a larger culture that have their own beliefs and practices.

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Consumption Subcultures

Groups that share common preferences related to consumption, like hobbies.

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Brand-Consumer Alignment

People tend to prefer brands that align with their personality and values. For example, a sophisticated person might choose a luxury brand.

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Influence of Lifestyle on Choices

A person's lifestyle significantly influences their product and service choices. For instance, an active person might prefer athletic apparel and equipment.

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Brand Loyalty and Personality Traits

People who seek security tend to stick with familiar brands, while those who enjoy new experiences are more open to exploring different brands.

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Psychographic Segmentation

Psychographic segmentation groups consumers based on psychological traits like personality, values, and lifestyle. This is a deeper analysis compared to demographics like age or gender.

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Impulse Buying

Impulse buying is influenced by traits like impulsivity and immediacy, leading to purchases made without much planning or thought.

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Rational Decision-Making

Rational decision-making involves careful consideration, research, and planning before making a purchase.

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Consumer Engagement with Marketing

How consumers respond to marketing messages can be connected to their personality traits. For example, extroverts might be more engaged by attention-grabbing ads.

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Customization in Marketing

Tailoring marketing messages to specific personalities can make them more effective. This is done by considering traits like risk-taking or introversion.

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Lifestyle Influence

Consumers choose based on their values, habits, and interests. For example, a health-conscious person may prefer organic products, while a tech enthusiast might favor the latest gadgets.

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Social Media Impact

Positive online conversations and recommendations build trust and loyalty. Negative feedback can damage reputation.

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Cultural Values in Marketing

Understanding cultural differences helps brands connect with diverse groups. By adapting messages, using local symbols, and respecting customs, brands can build trust and enhance appeal.

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Brand Personality

Giving a brand human-like qualities like personality, emotions, and values. It helps consumers connect with the brand on a deeper level. For example, Nike represents determination and empowerment.

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Normative Influence

Social pressure to conform to expectations. Consumers buy products to fit in with social norms. Fashion trends often influence purchasing decisions.

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Self-Perception Theory

The theory that suggests people infer their attitudes by observing their own behavior. It basically means that we sometimes figure out what we think or feel by looking at how we behave.

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Hierarchy of Effects Model

This refers to a model that outlines the steps consumers go through when making a purchase decision. It starts with awareness, then moves on to interest and desire, leading to action (like buying the product).

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Acculturation

The process of adapting to the values, customs, and behaviors of a new culture. It's about becoming part of a different culture and way of life.

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Attitudes influence behavior

The belief that a person's attitudes towards a product or service directly influence their behavior. For example, if you really like a brand, you're more likely to buy their products.

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Personality and Brand Preferences

Personality traits can strongly influence what people buy. Extroverts, for example, might prefer brands that are associated with socializing, while those who are more cautious might favor reliable and predictable brands.

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Cognitive Overload

When consumers experience too much information, it can actually hinder their decision-making. This overload makes it difficult to process all the options, leading to confusion and difficulty choosing.

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Study Notes

Chapter 7: Personality, Lifestyle & Values

  • People tend to prefer brands that align with their personality and values
  • Sophisticated people might prefer luxury brands
  • Lifestyle affects product and service choices
  • Innovators enjoy new products and trends; conservatives prefer familiar choices
  • People seeking security often stick with familiar brands; those open to new experiences explore different brands
  • Psychographic segmentation groups consumers based on psychological traits, not age or gender
  • Impulse buying is driven by impulsivity; rational decision-making involves careful thought
  • Marketing messages can be tailored to fit different personalities for greater effectiveness
  • Extroverts are more active online; introverts might prefer private interactions
  • Personality traits influence group affiliations, affecting brand choices
  • Brands often take on human-like traits to resonate with consumers
  • Consumers are often willing to pay more for a specific brand than a generic version

Chapter 8: Attitude and Persuasive Communication

  • Attitude is a long-lasting opinion about people, objects, or ideas
  • Attitude objects are the things we have an attitude toward, like a product
  • Attitudes serve various functions: utilitarian, value-expressive, ego-defensive, and knowledge
  • The ABC model of attitude encompasses affect (feelings), behavior (intended actions), and cognition (beliefs)
  • Consumers go through stages in their purchasing decisions, ranging from awareness to action
  • Attitudes can be influenced through various techniques, such as reciprocity, scarcity, authority, consistency, liking, and consensus
  • Consumers act based on what they believe others expect of them

Chapter 9: Decision Making

  • Too many options can lead to difficulty in making choices (hyper-choice)
  • Cognitive overload occurs when choices become overwhelming
  • Exploration involves trying new things; exploitation entails sticking with familiar options
  • Simple strategies called heuristics are often employed to make decisions easier (e.g., choosing popular brands)
  • Buying and selling online are examples of e-commerce

Chapter 10: Buying, Using, and Disposing

  • Ecommerce offers advantages such as 24/7 availability and easy price comparisons
  • Ecommerce also has drawbacks like the inability to physically touch items and potential return costs
  • Sharing economy models (e.g., Uber) offer flexibility and efficiency
  • Trust and reputation systems are important in e-commerce for building trust
  • Consumers often have difficulty discarding items they like and prefer to buy new items instead.

Chapter 11: Group Influence and Social Media

  • Groups of people with shared characteristics influence belief and behaviors.
  • Different types of social power include referent, information, legitimate, expert, reward, and coercive power
  • Brand communities are groups of people who share interest in one particular brand

Chapter 12: Culture

  • Culture encompasses shared beliefs, customs, and behaviors
  • Cultural dimensions, such as individualism versus collectivism, affect behavior
  • Norms are accepted rules of behavior, and myths explain beliefs
  • Consumptions can be sacred or profane
  • Subcultures are smaller groups within larger cultures with unique traits

Chapter 13: Subculture

  • Subcultures are smaller groups within a larger culture that differ in beliefs and practises
  • Consumers share common preferences related to consumption (e.g., hobbies)
  • Age cohorts experience common events or eras.
  • Mature consumers prioritize family and independence.
  • Family life cycle stages demonstrate changes over the life span.
  • Geodemographic analysis looks at demographic traits in specific geographic areas
  • Nuclear family consists of parents and children.
  • Extended families consist of other relatives in addition to parents and children.

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Description

Explore how personality traits and values shape consumer behavior in this quiz based on chapter 7. Learn how lifestyle choices influence brand preferences and the impact of psychological segmentation on marketing strategies. Test your knowledge on the role of impulsivity and rationality in decision-making.

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