Kotler 2020, 12 kap.

A series of interconnected businesses that work together to bring a product or service from its origin to the end consumer.

A network of firms that perform activities required to create and deliver a product or service to ultimate consumers.

The process of planning, implementing, and controlling the physical flow of goods, services, and related information from point of origin to point of consumption.

A company selling goods directly to consumers, without intermediaries.

Companies that sell products to retailers, who then sell them to consumers.

Companies that sell products directly to consumers, either online or in physical stores.

A strategy that combines online and offline channels to create a seamless customer experience.

The process of distributing products and services to customers in different countries, using a variety of marketing channels.

The practice of using intermediaries like wholesalers or retailers to reach consumers, allowing manufacturers to focus on production and gain efficiency.

The process of moving goods from the manufacturer to the consumer, including transportation and storage.

The process of obtaining funds to cover the costs of channel operations, such as inventory, transportation, and marketing.

The risk of potential losses associated with channel operations, such as product damage, inventory obsolescence, or customer default.

The gathering and dissemination of information about market trends, consumer preferences, and competitor activities.

The creation and dissemination of persuasive messages to promote products and services.

The process of making products available to customers at the right time and place.

The ability of channel members to offer greater efficiency and reach compared to manufacturers acting independently.

The different institutions involved in a marketing channel, like producers, wholesalers, and retailers, are interconnected by several flows such as physical products, ownership, payment, information, and promotions.

A channel where all members, like producers, wholesalers, and retailers, work together as a unified system. This can be achieved through ownership, contracts, or powerful influence.

The company with the most power and influence in a marketing channel. It's responsible for directing the flow of products and managing conflict among channel members.

A traditional marketing channel where individual companies like producers, wholesalers, and retailers operate independently, with each seeking to maximize their own profits. This often leads to conflicts and weaker performance.

The level of integration among channel members. High integration signifies a VMS, where companies work closely as a unified system.

The degree to which a channel system is structured and formalized. Informal channels are loosely organized, while formal systems have strong organizational structures.

Conflicts between the members of a marketing channel. They can arise due to competing objectives, conflicting roles, or different perceptions of the market.

The capacity of a marketing channel to effectively manage its operations and achieve its goals. It depends on factors like channel integration, conflict management, and leadership

A company combines its resources with a foreign investor to create a new local business, sharing ownership and control.

A company establishes direct manufacturing or assembly facilities in a foreign market, having complete control over operations.

The company faces potential financial risks like currency fluctuations, market downturns, and government regulations.

The process of choosing, managing, and motivating individual channel members, including evaluating their performance.

The company's attractiveness and the marketing channels' pull factors influence the number of channel members willing to collaborate.

Setting up a new business venture with a local partner is often necessary due to local regulations or market restrictions.

Direct investment carries the risk of potentially high exit costs, making retreat from the market more challenging.

Mexico has been welcoming foreign direct investment, particularly in the automotive industry, with cars manufactured there being exported globally.

The process of dividing a market into groups of customers with similar needs and preferences, with the aim of targeting specific segments for effective marketing.

The process of choosing specific customer groups to target with marketing efforts, based on their needs and the potential profitability of serving them.

The unique features and benefits that a retailer emphasizes to stand out from competitors in the minds of customers.

The process of creating a clear and consistent image of a retailer in the minds of target customers, highlighting its unique selling points.

The combination of marketing activities that a retailer uses to reach its target market and achieve its marketing objectives.

A selection of products offered by a retailer, designed to meet the needs and preferences of its target market.

Additional services offered by a retailer to enhance the customer experience and differentiate the shopping experience.

The overall ambiance and atmosphere of a retail store, influencing the shoppers' perceptions and experience, like lighting, layout, music, and decor.

The process of regularly evaluating the performance of channel members against predetermined standards like sales, inventory levels, customer service, and handling of damaged goods.

The practice of a manufacturer being mindful of the needs and desires of their dealers, understanding that treating them poorly can lead to lost support, legal issues, and even potential switching to competitors.

Legal considerations related to channel agreements, particularly exclusive or selective distribution arrangements, which are subject to regulations to ensure fair competition.

A legal exemption granted to certain industries, such as vertical distribution agreements or R&D collaborations, allowing them to restrict competition in specific areas to potentially benefit consumers.

The process of planning, implementing, and controlling the flow of goods, services, and related information from origin to consumption to meet customer needs profitably.

The process of managing the flow of materials, goods, and information across the entire supply chain, including suppliers, the company, resellers, and end consumers.

The impact of logistics efficiency on customer satisfaction and company costs, ultimately influencing profitability and competitiveness.

The misconception that marketing logistics primarily involves storage and transportation, overlooking the broader scope and complexities of modern logistics.